Joseph Stalin, Born Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili

The man who the world would come to know as Joseph Stalin was born Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, on December 21, 1879, in the Georgian village of Gori, a small town in the southern reaches of the vast Russian Empire. He was the third child born to Vissarion Dzhugashvili, a poor shoemaker, and his wife Yekaterina, who augmented her husband s income by working as a domestic servant. However, the young Iosif was the only one of their offspring to survive infancy. Vissarion was an abusive, hard-drinking man, who eventually failed as an independent artisan and left his family to work in a factory in Tiflis, the capital of Georgia, when his son was five years old. For the rest of Stalin s childhood, Joseph and Yekaterina lived in the home of a priest, Father Charkviani, where the pious, hard-working woman attempted to ensure that her only son would be well-educated enough to escape the drudgery of a lower- class existence. Georgia was a mountainous region, which at the time of Stalin s birth had been under the rule of the Tsar for only about fifty years. Like other great despots (the Austrian-born German ruler Hitler, the Corsican-born French leader Napoleon), Stalin was an outsider, a provincial in the empire he came to rule. Georgians possessed their own culture and language, which was radically different from the official Russian of the empire, and the young Stalin only began learning Russian when he was nine years old. Years later, at the height of his power, he stillShow MoreRelatedBio of Stalin1535 Words   |  7 PagesBrief Born: 1879 Died: 5 March 1953 Birthplace: Gori, Georgia (now Republic of Georgia) Best known as: The dictatorial leader of the U.S.S.R. from 1928 to 1953 Name at birth: Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili Ruthless and ambitious, Joseph Stalin grabbed control of the Soviet Union after the death of V.I. Lenin in 1924. As a member of the Bolshevik party, Joseph Stalin (his adopted name, meaning Man of Steel) had an active role in Russias October Revolution in 1917. He maneuvered hisRead MoreHow Stalin revolutionized Russia and what his life story is. Who is Joseph Stalin, that is the700 Words   |  3 Pages How Stalin revolutionized Russia and what his life story is. Who is Joseph Stalin, that is the question. Joseph Stalin was the dictatorial ruler of the Soviet Union/Russia for nearly thirty years. He revolutionized Russia but killed millions and enforced a strict government. His real name was Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili but he changed it when he was in Russia to Stalin meaning â€Å"man of steel† with stal meaning steel. He was a great military leader in World War two and made a totalitarianismRead MoreJoseph Stalin Essay example1133 Words   |  5 PagesJoseph Stalin, whose real name is Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was born on December 21, 1879 in the small town of Gori, Georgia. His family was poor and he was the only child of four to survive. His father was a shoemaker. He was a heavy drinker and died from wounds in a brawl when Stalin was 11 years old. His mother was a pious and hardworking woman. She wanted her son to have a good life so she entered him into priesthood. He attended elementary school run by the Orthodox Church and wentRead MoreAdolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin1033 Words   |  5 PagesAdolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are two of the most sadistic dictators of the past century. They both reigned terror in Europe during World War II. Fueled by rage and anger, Hitler and Stalin rose to power and exploited their beliefs throughout Germany and Russia. Stalin turned Russia into a Com munist country while Hitler was turning Germany against Jews. The leadership of these dictators brought death and fear to many who opposed them. Hitler and Stalin both shared deprived childhoods, vicious fathersRead MoreAn Examination Of The Type Of Culture And Social Influence992 Words   |  4 Pagesin-depth review at another dictator, Stalin. In addition, an exploration of the aspects of leadership, conformity, obedience, and social power as it pertains to a dictatorship. Next, an examination of the type of culture in which a dictatorship might exist. Lastly, a brief inspection at how such a relationship between culture and social influence could exist outside of a dictatorship. Iosif (Josef) Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, known to many of us as Joseph Stalin, born in 1878 or 1879, depending on whichRead More A Comparison of Stalin and Hitler as Dictators Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesA Comparison of Stalin and Hitler as Dictators Adolf Hitler This assignment will introduce you to two men, Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin. Two men that were responsible for genocide and mass destruction, similar in many ways though on two opposing sides with completely different fundamental ideas. Adolf Hitler was born as Adolf Schicklgruber in 1889 in Braunau am Inn, in Upper Austria and committed suicide in a Berlin bunker in 1945. He was Chancellor and FuehrerRead MoreShould mobile phones be banned in schools1115 Words   |  5 PagesLENIN Lenin was one of the leading political figures and revolutionary thinkers of the 20th century, who masterminded the Bolshevik take-over of power in Russia in 1917, and was the architect and first head of the USSR. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk on the Volga River on 22 April 1870 into a well-educated family. He excelled at school and went on to study law. At university, he was exposed to radical thinking, and his views were also influenced by the execution of his elder brotherRead MoreA Red Horse And Rider Essay2126 Words   |  9 Pageshorsemen] in his mouth between the teeth of it: and they say thus unto it, arise, devour much flesh† (Daniel 7:5) . He is a bear, less generous and stronger than the lion; more rough and discourteous, but correspondingly punishing and ravenous. Although Stalin is still recovering from the Russian Revolution and World War I, he out of necessity becomes a great false prophet to the other equestrians, as he calls for them as much as they ask him. He has an evil personage of a master of dishonesty, even inRead MoreEssay on Joseph Stalin2352 Words   |  10 Pages â€Å"The man who turned the Soviet Union from a backward country into a world superpower at unimaginable human cost (Joseph Stalin).† â€Å"Stalin was born into a dysfunctional family in a poor village in Georgia (Joseph Stalin).† Permanently scarred from a childhood bout with smallpox and having a mildly deformed arm, Stalin always felt unfairly treated by life, and thus developed a strong, romanticized desire for greatness and respect, combined with a shrewd streak of calculating cold-heartedness towardsRead MoreCensorship And The Political System1882 Words   |  8 Pagesto power has had some very common elements. Many rise to power on the wings of other movements that are fighting the oppression from an existing government, religious zeal, the need to engineer social changes, military might, and some where simply born into the positions by divine linage to become Mad Men as Caesar, Emperor, King, or Tsar. Throughout history they have brought down countries with suffering continuing for generation after generation. Spotting and removing these Mad Men is not always

theories of crime - 2411 Words

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Differential association theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Anomie theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 INTRODUCTION The crime rate is on the rise in Kenya some theories try to define these rising criminality in Kenya. Anomie theory and differential association theory best explain the rising criminality in Kenya like for example in Kenya many individuals are law abiding citizens this is according to Edwin Sutherland differential association theory. His theory gives priority to the power of social influences and learning experiences. Anomie theory refers to a situation in which cultural†¦show more content†¦To understand the behavior of the corporate criminal, or for that matter the corrupt cop, Sutherland would direct us to the values and mores of that person s immediate social circle. Most communities, says Sutherland, are organized for both criminal and anti-criminal behavior. Sutherland s theory directs us toward the network of key social relations that differentiates the deviant and the conformist. Sutherland s original hope is that we could put variables like the frequency, intensity, and duration of exposure to deviant and non deviant definitions on a quasi-mathematical basis. Even if this isn t possible, and so far it has proved highly resistant to such specification, the real challenge of applying Sutherland s theory is to develop concrete criteria for these variables that are not after-the-fact. We have to be able to specify in advance of major law-breaking activities the networks and relationships that are propelling one individual toward crime and the other toward conformity. We might want to supplement Sutherland s differential association theory with another theory in the symbolic interactionist tradition, namely labeling theory. Which states that the theory of how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them? It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. LabelingShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Crime And Crime1260 Words   |  6 PagesResponse Paper Crime in the 20th century has become one of the most widely studied areas of research. Today, I am going too briefly outline some of the theories of crime that are used to study the subject. What I will be evaluating these theories against will be small scale property crime such as theft. Classical theory states that crime is committed when there are more benefits to committing the crime than punishments. It also states that crime is a choice and is done with free will (BeccariaRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime And Crime1271 Words   |  6 PagesSince long time immemorial, many of people figured out explanations and theories about crime and those circumstances what encourage people to become criminals. Researchers of crime have looked of issues from different approaches, such as biological, psychological, and sociological. These developed thoughts created a fundamental basis of the criminology as a science and become to one of the most important issues of discipline. Furthermore, they figured out thoughts about who are criminals and howRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Crime2709 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction The term of crime represent an unlawful act punished by the state. Crime is something that is against the law. The common use of the term ‘Crime’ makes it main to define the limitations which construct it however, doing so is not simply a matter of common sense. There are a number of complex political and economic forces which help to define crime in practice within a specific society. The most commonly accepted definition of crime is ‘an act that is capable of being followed by criminalRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime Theory1329 Words   |  6 PagesProbably the single most influential and certainly the best-known crime theory among all the sociological theories of crime is that of strain theory. Strain theories argue that there are certain socially generated pressures or forces that drive people to commit crimes. More specifically, the classic strain theories argue that people, particularly those of lower class status are pressured into crime when they are prevente d from achieving cultural goals like monetary success or middle-class statusRead MoreTheories on Crime1253 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime: The field of criminology is basically described as the study of crime through which the causes, prevention, and correction of offenses are examined. While this process can be extremely difficult, especially for students, the analysis of the causes of crime is significant to sociology and criminology. The difficulties associated with the study of crime originate from the numerous challenges in developing theories that explain human behavior. In relation to crime, human behaviorRead MoreThe Theories And Theories Of Crime1625 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction It is largely accepted that a comprehensive theory of sexual offending is likely to be multifactorial in nature and not one single origin or cause. The theory should take into account how developmental experiences, social and cultural learning, and biological mechanisms combine to create offending vulnerabilities. Causal factors such as: deviant sexual preferences, empathy deficits, intimacy problems, emotional disregulation and distorted beliefs or values usually all contribute andRead MoreCrime Theories770 Words   |  4 PagesCrime Theories Jaime Morris Professor Al CIS170-Wk.4Ass.2 11/04/12 Digital crimes are believed to be caused by different types of theories. The Strain theory could be the cause of digital crimes because the strain of everyday life. The Strain theory is a sociological theory. The strain of an individual’s everyday life is causing people to â€Å"give in† to the pressures in society. Some of these individuals feel that they can’t survive without crime. Strains such as peer pressureRead MoreCrime Theories766 Words   |  4 PagesVarious Theories of Crime Causation vickie murphy AIU online E.Hale 2/19/12 Abstract Within this paper we will discuss the merits of the idea that genetics are a source for criminal behavior. As well as some of the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence surrounding genetics and crime and In closure what would be some of the repercussions in the criminal justice field if the existence of the criminal gene is proven to be true. Theories of Crime Causation To begin to understand theRead MoreCrime Theories739 Words   |  3 PagesStrain theory as it relates to digital crime involves the feeling of people in the lower and middle social classes that they do not have equal opportunities or access to those same educational and occupational opportunities. Instead of pursuing legal means to increase their wealth, some of the people who commit white collar crimes are those from the lower and middle classes who are stressed and strained due to finances and their jobs. (Robert W. Taylor, 2011) According to the strain theory, individualsRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime Causation Theory1648 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Within this document, we will examine Social Bonding theory. We will define what that theory is, then explain why crimes occurs and the reason why crime causation theory is currently relevant and effective. Since this is important to the public safety organization, we hope that when the document is complete, we will have a better understanding of crime causation and if there are additional ways to identify how it may be applied to circumstances on and off the job. But, we also need to

Mandatory Attendance Policies Essay Example For Students

Mandatory Attendance Policies Essay Mandatory Attendance PoliciesWhile studying or even registering for a class presents a challenge to some college students, the greatest obstacle remains, going to class. Attending college is supposed to signify a new found freedom to make many important choices regarding education without high school mandatory attendance policies. However, students everywhere are coming to the staggering realization that college is not too different from high school. Teachers still take class roll and students are still expected to be at every class on time. What next, hall monitors in Holden Hall? The time has come for action to be taken. Colleges must abolish mandatory student attendance policies for several reasons to be further discussed. First, in order to enroll in college, mandatory attendance in a previous educational institution is required. For most, this record consists of 13 years of mandatory classroom attendance prior to college. It is a valid argument that the continuation of this policy is effective for job preparation in that it teaches accountability and self-discipline. But if a student is required by a higher authority to do something, is it really self-discipline? No, it is merely a high school power struggle between student and teacher that has some how found its way in to the classrooms of colleges everywhere. This policy teaches students that in his or her future, if attendance at a particular event is important, someone will be there to mandate it. The mandatory attendance policy does not promote self-discipline, it promotes the control of one individual by another. The only way that a student will learn self-discipline and accountability is through trial and error using his or her own judgement, not based on policy. Secondly, the majority of the students that do not attend class are usually the ones that should not attend class. These students tend to be disruptive and tardy distracting the students that actually want to further their education. If this policy stays in effect, it will continue to place students with little or no academic motivation in the same learning environment as those striving to achieve their highest potential. This is detrimental to everyone involved in the education process because it slows down the pace of progression. By allowing students to miss class, the student-teacher ratio will be more favorable and teachers will have fewer distractions. Finally, a college student is a consumer with a demand for a product, an education. The teachers are the producers. Who wants to pay thousands of dollars for something, and then be regulated on when, how, and where to get it? Nobody. Which is probably why Texas Tech has a freshman dropout rate of 21% for the Fall 1999 semester ac cording to Roger Terry, an author of the Fall 1999 Retention Summary produced by the Texas Tech Institutional Research department. According to Mr. Terry, this dropout rate is one of the highest in the Big 12 Conference and is a problem over-looked by many school officials. It is true that in a job situation the employee is required to attend work and it can be sensibly argued that this policy would help to prepare the student for his or her career. However, in this situation, the roles have changed. The employee is no longer a consumer; he or she is now the producer, receiving payment as opposed to providing payment. While it is important to the teacher to instruct the student in the classroom environment and can be highly beneficial in the quality of education received, it should be the consumers decision to take advantage of this instruction. In conclusion, with only 79% of the freshman class returning for the Spring Semester, it is time to take action. Mandating a student to att end class does not improve the quality of education received. The decision to take the initiative to attend class should rest solely in the hands of the student. Colleges must abolish mandatory student attendance policies because it does not promote self-discipline and accountability and is detrimental to the learning environment. The decision to attend class should be up to the consumer. After all, there are some lessons in the book of life that have to be learned on ones own, based on his or her own judgment, not based on policy. .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 , .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .postImageUrl , .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 , .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837:hover , .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837:visited , .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837:active { border:0!important; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837:active , .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837 .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80de6dd6ad3a8414ecc895b018ece837:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE SCARLET IBIS EssayMiscellaneous

Social Networking Sites Are Leading the Youth Astray! Debate free essay sample

On October 17, 2006, Megan Taylor Meier, an American teenager committed suicide by hanging three weeks before her 14th birthday. Her suicide was attributed to cyberbullying on MySpace by her friends mother, Lori Drew. An example for one of the worst effects of social networking. Honorable judges, teachers, friends worthy opponents, I would like to share my views for the subject social networking sites are leading the youth astray. Two little words social networking have become a giant buzzphrase over the past couple of years. We can observe the worldwide march of social networks and headline-ready stories about Web-assisted suicides. I can think of atleast 13 disadvantages of social networking. 1) Too Addictive 2) Detrimental effects on physical mental health 3) Lack of development of social skills 4) Time Consuming 5) True identity is not known 6) Lack of Privacy 7) Youth are distracted 8) Lack of Copyright Privileges 9) Scams Harassment 10) Influence of Too many people 11) Spreading malware 12) Spreading hate among communities 13) Even inciting revolutions Statistics show that there are more than 750 million active facebook users and an average user has 130 friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking Sites Are Leading the Youth Astray! Debate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People spend over 700 billion minutes per month on Facebook. An alarming amount of time is wasted on Social Networking sites by intelligent people. It has become a bona-fide addiction for many, negatively affecting their family relationships and even their work.. Since they no longer have time for friends or family or for outdoor games, it has serious detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Bored youngsters spend hours hours reading their friends updates, viewing photos videos, gaming, and doing everything else but their homework. But do these social media sites really connect people? Dont they rather disconnect them, since instead of doing something enjoyable such as talking and eating and partying with friends, they are merely exchanging little ungrammatical notes and amusing photos in cyberspace, while chained to their desk ? There rarely is any real substance to these online friendships ( made through Social networking). True identity of a person is never revealed unless he is met in person. Since a complete analysis of a persons behaviour cannot be made, social networking sites provide only a virtual image of these so called friends and not a real one. There is also too much manipulation and aggression involved with getting others to give up their age, location, real photos, and far too many details in public profiles. There are others who are always in search for fake identity and may use your data for different types of illegal activities. Social networkers have only a virtual experience and very little real world experience. Because everything is now typed online, there is no longer any need for human emotions during communication over social media. Should our youth be couch-potatoes, twittering and chatting over social networks or grow up into productive citizens to build a stronger nation.? It is upto us to decide

INtroduction Essays (691 words) - Sports, Basketball Statistics

INtroduction Introduction BASKETBALL Bill Buggey Hailey Kellerman Period: 7 Basketball Then Basketball was first invented in 1891 in Springfield. The creator was Dr. James Naismith (Nov 6 1861-Nov 28 1939) It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball Rules in 1861 The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding it No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and such as described in Rule 5 If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a foul A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. Rules in 1861 When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5 The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes rest between The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made Top 10 biggest names of basketball of all time Michael Jordan #23 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar #33 Lebron James #23 Magic Johnson #32 Wilt Chamberlain #13 Larry Bird #33 Bill Russell #6 Tim Duncan #21 Shaquille ONeal #34 Kobe Bryant #24 or #8 How basketball came about It came about from James Naismith when he was told to invent a new game for the young men at a physical education class he taught at a YMCA. He thought of a game that he used to play called Duck on a rock Duck on a rock was a game where you tried to knock a large rock off of a boulder by throwing smaller rocks. James then recalled watching rugby players tossing a ball into a box at a gymnasium. He had the idea of nailing boxes up into which players would throw a ball into. How basketball came about Once he couldnt find boxed he then used baskets. After he had the game materials he made up the rules in about an hour. The game was created for you to do something indoors during the winter season. The spread of basketball How basketball got popular was because of all the graduates that went to YMCA widely traveled and spread the word of the newly invented game.

Pronouncing the Spanish L

Pronouncing the Spanish L You may not have noticed, but the L in English has two sounds that are quite different from each other - and if you can remember that, you can easily learn the sound of the L in Spanish. The two L sounds occur in the word little - and the sound of the Spanish L is basically the same as the first L but not the second (a sound, by the way, that native Spanish speakers often find quite difficult). In other words, the Spanish L is always pronounced with the tongue at the front of the roof of the mouth similar to the L in words such as love and alike. It is never pronounced with the vowel-like sound found in words such as ball or cell. Phrases used by native speakers in our audio lesson on pronouncing the L are lo siento mucho, hola,  ¿quà © tal? and igualmente, gracias. The pronunciation of the L should not be confused with that of the LL, which used to be a separate letter of the alphabet.

Business Law Assinment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Law Assinment - Essay Example Additionally, being of the age of 17 years he did not have the legal capability to enter into a contract as he was a minor. Therefore, given the circumstances of the case the contract between John and the car dealer was invalid from the onset because john did not have the capability to enter into a contract. Secondly, the car that John bought was not a necessity, but a luxury as his friends had cars according to what he believed (Mann & Barry 34). Therefore, the outcome of the case would be that although John did not have the capacity to enter into the contract the car dealer relied on his word that he would make the repayments and for the reason he should pay the $500 down payment because he used the car. In the case of the car dealer, the only more he would get is the down payment as promised by the John. However, the other three installments cannot be retrieved as the contract was invalid as he enter into a contract with a minor. Entering into a contract with person who lack capacity to contract makes the contract invalid. An illegal agreement under contract law is a contract that the courts will not enforce because the reason for the agreement or the contract will not achieve a legal end. Additionally, the illegal end must also result from the performance of the contract itself. Therefore, a contract of installing a fuel tank in the lorry for putting illegal drugs not meet the legal standards of enforceability. In the case of Bovard V. American Horse Enterprises (1988) the court of Appeal in California refused to enforce a contract for the payment of promissory notes that were used to purchase a company that manufactured drug paraphernalia. Therefore, any contract that will have an illegal end is not enforceable under contract law. In the case of Jack and the mechanic, the contract was illegal because when Jack entered into the mechanic shop he told him the true intention of the extra gas tank. For that reason, he did bot mislead him into believing

Employment law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Employment law - Assignment Example Importantly, the laws are not the same in all the companies rather they differ depending on the cultural, political and economical factors of the countries. The employment law entails the relation between employees, employers, trade unions and the government. The employment law in relation to employees constitutes their rights at work. For instance in the UK Employment law; employment contracts, unfair dismissal, the Working Time Regulations, flexible working rights and equality aspects are outlined. With respect to the law, an employee is able to figure out the rights at work and how to acquire legal advice when discriminated against or unfairly dismissed from work. The UK employment law enables employers to comply with it thus treat their employees fairly and lawfully. Pauls dismissal due to his misbehavior is a controversial issue since other people may support or oppose the act. The employment law of UK outlines the procedure to be followed when an employee is to be sacked. As an HR manager in the store where Paul works, I will effectively advise the General Manager on what to do. This is because Paul has presented an unfair dismiss al claim to his Employment Tribunal Office. The course of action to be taken by the organization should therefore comply with the UK employment law. The organization should have considered Pauls source of the misconduct in order to proceed with the dismissal. A thorough and effective investigation was to be carried out before the dismissal. Therefore, Paul has a right to claim for the unfair dismissal to the local Employment Tribunal Office. The organization should have issued Paul a notice or warning before the dismissal. It did not follow the correct procedure of dismissal despite Paul involving himself into fighting which is considered fair enough for dismissal. According to the UK employment law, the organization should have carried out a proper investigation about Pauls misconduct instead of issuing

Leonardo da Vinci Lifepath and Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leonardo da Vinci Lifepath and Activity - Essay Example In Milan, he began various projects for the duke and managed to complete six paintings among them there was one called the Virgin of the Rock, which showed figures from the bible including the Virgin Mary, the baby Jesus together with John the Baptist which he finished in approximately 1485. In Milan, Leonardo did not just work as an artist, but he also advised other people on subjects such as engineering and architecture. He was fond of writing notes and filled many pages with observations and thoughts on everything from the human body to astronomy. Leonardo came up with inventions in his notebooks, which could not be made at the time. For instance, he designed a helicopter, an underwater breathing device, a tank and a submarine which showed that he was way ahead of time (Joanne 6).Leonardo wrote most of his personal notes in mirror writing. He only used normal writing if he wanted his texts to be read by others. It is not clear why he did this, but several reasons have been suggest ed. His friends wrote that he wrote and painted using the left hand. In those times, writing left handed was a mess since the wet ink would smear as his hand moved across the paper; therefore, writing in reverse would stop the ink from smudging. It is also suggested that he did this so that people could not read.Leonardo was said to be tall with long blonde hair whose abilities were beyond the ordinary that he could readily solve any difficulty. In addition, Leonardo was said to be able to sing divinely.... Leonardo came up with inventions in his notebooks, which could not be made at the time. For instance, he designed a helicopter, an underwater breathing device, a tank and a submarine which showed that he was way ahead of time (Joanne 6). Leonardo wrote most of his personal notes in mirror writing. He only used normal writing if he wanted his texts to be read by others. It is not clear why he did this, but several reasons have been suggested. His friends wrote that he wrote and painted using the left hand. In those times, writing left handed was a mess since the wet ink would smear as his hand moved across the paper; therefore, writing in reverse would stop the ink from smudging. It is also suggested that he did this so that people could not read and steal his ideas (Jill 18). Leonardo was said to be tall with long blonde hair whose abilities were beyond the ordinary that he could readily solve any difficulty. In addition, Leonardo was said to be able to sing divinely and his charming conversation worn all hearts. Leonardo did more to create the concept of the artist genius than anyone else of his times. He constantly stressed the intellectual aspect of the art and creativity. Leonardo is said to be so curious, this curiosity made him shift from a project to another (Joanne 8). Back in Florence, Leonardo painted an artwork that became one of the most recognized art images in the world, the Mona Lisa; for a long time no one knew who the woman was. However, it is now known that she was Lisa di Gherardini, the wife of Florentine silk trader named Francesco Del Giocondo. It is said that Leonardo took the painting with him everywhere. Francesco commissioned the portrait with the aim of

Looking At The Childrens Literature English Literature Essay

Looking At The Childrens Literature English Literature Essay Childrens Literature plays a vital role in determining the society to its sublimity. Children are no more considered as vulnerable, but as solid pillars of the world. There lies an imperative in nurturing the young minds with healthy thoughts and disciplined behaviors. Childrens literature is continued to be seen as a crucial resource in nurturing the childs progress from basic literacy to a level of critical and cultural literacy necessary for effective adult life (Hollindale, 18)  [1]  . As Lens Unsworth has pointed out Margaret Meeks notion, it is the kinds of texts that children have access to and the kinds of interactions experienced around texts that influence the kind of readers they become (5)  [2]  . Literature written for children offers enjoyment, stirs imagination and inspiration, gives a vicarious experience by viewing situations from perspectives other than their own. Literature helps children to gain an appreciation of the universality of human beings, and unde rstand the oneness of all human beings, though bounded with multicultural way of living. Literature with moral reasoning gives an experience for young people to formulate their own concepts of right and wrong and build a morally actuated life. Research in Childrens literature offers the opportunity for a meticulous examination of the literature of the child and it links the child, the author, the text, and the world outside literature. Researchers have created an enthusiasm to study the rhetoric or form by accepting the self contained world of the text. Analysis of euphony, rhythm, or meter, style and stylistics, symbol, image, metaphor, and mythic elements are common in such type of studies. There are also a group of linguistic scholars who might define their work as examining what is said and how it is said (Vandergrift, 26, 37)  [3]  .The work of every scholar varies in the approach made to the literary text, the present study views the famous works of Ruskin Bond with a psychological point of view, analyzing the Psychosocial factors in Ruskin Bonds selected short stories. 1.2 Defining Childrens Literature Childrens literature forms the soul of a nation. Childrens literature is a body of written works primarily for the purpose of entertainment and information for children from birth to adolescence, covering topics of relevance and interest to Children of world classics literature, picture books, and story books precisely written or orally transmitted materials for readers categorized under the age of thirteen (www.britannica.com).  [4]  Childrens literature is that body of writing and accompanying illustrations, primarily composed for young people (249)  [5]  A common definition of Childrens Literature is defined in two ways, literature that is written for children and chosen by or for children. Separating it for a particular group alone will never give the clear definition, valuing their content and quality will make the definition stronger. 1.2.1 The Content Contents are important in defining Childrens Literature. Childrens books are about the experiences of both good and bad. The subject matter of the Childrens Literature can either be in prose or poetry. Experiences of past, present, or future; whether enjoying a birthday party, getting a new pet, losing a tooth for the first time or even dealing with the family problems are common experiences faced by the children today. Contents of various topics such as monsters, dinosaurs, dragons, fighter planes, natural disasters, which may not be a part of the childhood lessons, are still included for their interest. Fantasy or reality, the interest and dreams of Children never decrease. The more children learn about the world, the better chances to realize about themselves. Paul Hazard says in his book about the appeal of children to the adults: Give us books, give us wingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Show us fairies strolling about in the moonlight. We are willing to learn everything that we are taught at school, but, please, let us keep our dream (Hazard, 4).  [6]   David in Author and Artists states that every childs story should present images of the world they are to venture, and David supports this with the words of C.S. Lewis, Children ought to be produced with the knowledge that the world has events of violence, death, wounds, and adventures. There should never be a false impression made that the world is a peaceful place. The world has mixed personalities and children are to deal with villains, ruffians or cruel enemies in the stories. Knowledge of all these from the stories during their childhood days may prevent them from falling into the darker side of life. Let writers produce stories with wicked kings and beheadings, giants and dragons and let tragedy of villains be present at the end of stories. Dreadful events or people will cause a little fear, but will always help children to become courageous. (twilightswarden.wordpress.com)  [7]   1.2.2 The Quality Literature with quality has to do with creativity, significance of the ideas, artistic use of the language, and beauty of literary and artistic style which keeps the work fresh and meaningful forever in the minds of young readers. There are some exceptions; books which have never won any literary prizes are still the best Childrens books that offer readers enjoyment as well as memorable characters and valuable insights into the human condition. Pushkin Passey in summing up Ruskins essay The Lamp Is Lit says, And there are many brave and good Indian writers, who work in their own language be it Bengali or Oriya or Telugu or Marathi or fifteen to twenty others and plough their lonely furrow without benefit of agent or media blitz or Booker prize. Some of them may despair. But even so, they work on in despair. Their rewards may be small, their readers few, but it is enough to keep them from turning off the light. For they know that the pen, in honest and gifted hands, is mightier than the grave.  [8]   Until the 20th century, Childrens Literature was the medium through which children had a privilege to learn the culture of different nations and people groups. Today children have the access to digital media, so childrens books are now only of several sources of socializing material, of education, information, commentary, and entertainment albeit an important one (Emer OSullivan, 5)  [9]   1.3 The History and Development of Childrens Literature Childrens literature has got its name from the mid half of the nineteenth century and still there is a doubt on the history of its origin. The earliest History of Childrens literature began with the oral tradition. The older people narrated their experiences with several imaginations of entertainment to the younger ones, though the language and dialects varied according to the location, the written form of those stories took ample amount of time but had a good beginning. The History of Childrens Literature crossed various major milestones including the oral tradition, there was a scarce for the printed books for the children to write because of the expense to print a book was much. Before the Puritans influence William Caxton the first English printer published Recuyell of the History of Troy (1474), and was also responsible for the first editions of The Fables of Aesop, Reynard the Fox and Le Morte Darthur. Though these editions were made for the adult audience, children were intere sted and attracted in reading them. (Gillespie,13)  [10]  . The instructional books opened with the letters of the alphabet, as well as a short catechism. Around 1538 in London, Thomas Petyt published a primer which included the alphabet, a table of vowels and syllables, prayers and a grace for meals. Horn books, letter boards shaped like the paddles later known as battledores, included the Lords Prayer, an invocation to the trinity, the vowels, a table of syllables, and nine digits. Other forms of teaching the alphabet included needle samplers and gingerbread, which was printed with the designs of the letters. The home page of Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society briefs more on the history of this literature. The first picture book in 1659 was especially designed for children by Charles Hoole. .By the end of Eighteenth century some cheap booklets known as the Chapbooks were sold, this included the popular folktales like the Robin Hood, Dick Whittington, and the Arabian Nights became available for both adult and child ren.  [11]     Prolific writers like Walter Crane, Kate Greenaway and Ralph Caldecott contributed the best during their period. Walter crane the most prolific writer and influential Childrens book creator of his generation worked in developing designs and picture books for children with Edmund Evans, a famous publisher in London and also for the house of George Routledge Sons (Walter Crane)  [12]  . The age of Puritans was the earliest to create a bulk of childrens books. Childrens literature in this age covered religious and moral education. James Janeways A Token for Children: Being an Exact Account of the Conversion, Holy and Exemplary -Lives and Joyful Deaths of Several young Children (1672) showed growth in the spiritual life in spite of the physical weakness. John Bunyans A Book for Boys and Girls (1686), Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe (1719), Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels, John Locke and others were great contributions of Childrens literature during the consecutive years. John Ne wberry The Father of Childrens Literature was the first to introduce the printed books to the literary market. A Little Pretty Pocket -Book and Little Goodly Two-Shoes by Newberry was the first to be published in London. Nineteenth century monthly magazines were serialized with alphabets and words or a rhyming verse accompanied by an image for each letter. Harry Potter (1997) by J.K. Rowling gained immense popularity and in the end of 2011 about 450 million copies were sold. 1.4 Childrens Literature in India India is referred as the cradle of Childrens literature because of its rich oral tradition and the Panchatantra. In India Childrens literature has been there from ancient times. Oral fiction started with Panchatantra, a compilation of Vishnu Sharma to innocent young princes, but covetous. Panchatantra an ancient collection have served as the core for the growth of many Indian writers and story tellers in English. Panchatantra is the first piece of literature and a moral literature for youngsters. Folktales and folklores were available in different languages and dialects. Folks were proposed on the culture and traditional values of that particular society and were orally transmitted from one generation to the next generation. Another type of oral fiction was the lullabies, short songs sung during the bed times for infants and children. The infant melodies were composed with rhyming words and pleasant music for the infants to hear. Later, not all but some are transformed in written for ms. The literatures written in Sanskrit, the historical Indo- Aryan language contains works of poetry, drama, dharma texts and also the scientific, technical, philosophical texts. The ancient religious literatures are found in Sanskrit. Stories like the Jataka tales and Panchatantra had great impacts and inspiration for the successive writers. Though Childrens Literature was found in abundance in this large nation with its rich culture and heritage, only after the British colonial rule it was separated as a different genre for Children. Missionaries from England were the first to introduce teaching in a foreign language and it was a new eye opening to the Indians. Many religious literature and famous books of great men were translated in English. Translations of Childrens literature to the Indian children were mostly from the popular western literature. The colonizers language had given a great imprint in the minds of the Indians and works of the English writers became popular after the British rule in India. Literature from both the West and India were accepted though contradictory representations of realisms were there the Indian Child took the western as Modern and Indian as traditional. The western writers who had once influenced the minds of children lost their sway when the works of Indian writers were published meeting the intellectual needs of children. The childs perception of changing values has an impact on its reading interest. They look for more realistic and self centered themes. As Prema Srinivasan in her book Childrens fiction in English in India -Trends and Motifs writes generally progressive views on self fulfillment have displaced conventional conceptions of heroism and the fleeting comfort afforded by the happily ever after tags is discarded in favor of a more realistic rounding off (3)  [13]  . Around 1930 onwards story books were especially written for children. Association of Writer and Illustrators for Children (AWIC) 1981 has published stories poems plays and other library projects wholly for Children. The foreign organizations like International Book Fair and The Asian Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) provided a great exposure for the growth of Childrens literature in India (www.awic.in)  [14]  . Childrens literature in English in India had its good set up brought up by the eminent writers like R.K. Narayan, Anita Desai, Manoj Das, Sigrun Srivastava, Manorama Jafa, Arun Kumar Dutta, Shashi Deshpande, Jacqueline Singh and many others. Writers in regional language like Amir Khusro, Mirza Ghalib, Dr Zakir Hussain and Qudsia Zaidi in Urdu, Prem Chand in Hindi, Rabindranath Tagore, Upendrakishore Roy Chowdhury, Sukumar Ray, Satyajit Ray, Ashapurna Debi and Mahasweta Devi in Bengali, K.P. Kesava Menon, M. T. Vasudevan Nair in Malayalam, T. P. Kailasam in Kannada and a host of others (www.tulikabooks.com  [15]  ). Presently childrens literature has acquired an important place in India, several books trusts, and organizations are established to increase the literature for the young learners. National Book Trust (NBT), National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Childrens Book Trust (CBT) and other organizations produces new books to benefit the children of present generation. Recent Childrens Literature development projects were strengthened by publishers like Tara publishings, Tulika Publishers, DC Books, and Childrens Books Trust. Non-profit organizations like Pratham and Katha books have contributed in producing books of good content and also books in affordable prizes for everyone to buy. 1.5 Genres of Childrens Literature Genre is category of literary composition. It is a specific Category of artistic or literary accomplishment by form, technique and subject matter. Childrens literature has deserved its own genre to show a difference between the adult literatures in other terms the young adolescent literature (YA lit). The variety of books with different content created for Children on their interest are classified into separate categories. Childrens books are generally classified by the following genre illustrated in the table. Genres of Childrens Literature Poetry Prose Nursery rhymes Lyric poems Narrative poems Fiction Non fiction Fantasy Realism Concept books(including counting books) Information books Biographies Folk Literature Modern fantasy Realistic Fiction Myths Epics Legends Fables Fairy tales Literary fairy tales Animal fantasy Magical fantasy Heroic fantasy Science fiction Family stories Friendship Adventure/survival stories Mysteries Animal stories Sports stories Historical stories The selected short stories The Blue Umbrella, the Angry River, the Dust on the Mountain falls under the category of Realistic Fiction .Realistic Stories are didactic in nature, they teach morality and manners as well as entertain and educate. Experiences of Children are dual in nature, days of happiness and nights of sorrows. The younger generation of this world expects the protagonists to be real heroes and over comers of different entanglements. Real life situations are ready to be ventured by the children. These Realistic fictions refer to stories that could happen to mankind or would happen to people in the future. Marshall considers various components of realism in Literature: (60)  [16]  . Factual realism- descriptions of facts about actual people, class, and places are recorded accurately in a book. Situational realism- realism provided by situation that is not only possible but also likely to happen with identifiable characters making the events believable. Survival stories of life threatening situations are examples that are included in situational realism. Emotional realism- stories that deals with feelings and relationships. Social Realism- fictions that portray the society in both healthy and adverse conditions. Contemporary Realism-stories that describes the present condition focusing on social hazards such as alcoholism, racism, poverty, calamities and homelessness, mental disabilities, alienation from the main stream of society. In general, realistic fictions deal with topics drawn from all aspects of life, either adverse or favorable. The works of Ruskin Bond are from his unconditional love for India, the beauty in nature, choice of simple subjects and simplicity in expression are unique. Though most of his works are simple in subject and expressions, approaching his works in a psychological perspective gives a new meaning for the hidden truths. The selected short stories of Ruskin Bond portray adverse and discouraging social situations, such as homelessness, loss of objects, lack of parental care, death and others, yet these stories permit some cause for optimism. Ruskin Bond portrays Children as suffering protagonists and the conclusion is designed showing ways to trust and understand that problems are part and parcels of life and easy to overcome. Realistic fiction stories are made up of themes relevant for children. The earliest realistic stories such as Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe, books by John Newberry, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are classical examples of Realistic fiction stories. A new period of realistic fiction arouse after 1950s .Stories of unhappy endings, unpleasant constructions, inclusive of antisocial and controversial topics became permissible in children books. Realistic fictions changed the world of Childrens books. The theme of realistic stories provides ways of getting matured by facing and overcoming fears. Emotional experiences such as fears may be caused by external forces as well as internal dangers. In some of the short stories of Ruskin Bond young protagonists are valiant fighters made to overcome a physical or mental danger which is proportionately a measure to the maturing process. Realistic fictions are often with life threatening events, displacements, abandonment and others which reflect contemporary life will encourage, inspire and challenge students towards adulthood (Emer O Sullivan 130-35)  [17]  . 1.6 The Author: Ruskin Bond 1.6.1 The Childhood days Ruskin Bond an honoured contemporary author holds the best place among the modern writers of India. Owen Ruskin Bond the eldest son of Aubrey Alexander Bond was born on May 19th, 1934 at kasauli, a hill station near Sanawar, Himachal Pradesh. Bonds life was miserable; his Sister Ellen who was a little handicapped lived with her grandmother, his younger brother William lived in Calcutta. Bond stayed for a few months in all the cities where his father as a British Officer in Royal Air Forces moved from one station to another. The paternal grandfather of Ruskin Bond, Herbert Williams (1863) came to India as a foot soldier, married Gloriana Elizabeth Enever (1870), a German orphan. Five children were born in different cantonment towns in India. Herbert William died at the age of fifty leaving their children at a very young age. Gloriana (1902) the sister of Aubrey died at a young age and younger sister Alma Eveline (1903) died in an air crash just before the World War II. Later Bonds Fat her took his career in teaching. 1.6.2 The Early Anxieties When Bond was almost eight his mother Agnet Clark remarried another man from Dehradun, Mr.Hari. In some of his works like The Funeral and Once Upon a Monsoon Time he blames his mother for leaving his father during the days of his sickness and leaving Bond alone. Ruskin Bonds youth was terror stricken days, his parents unhappy married life, the sufferings and death of the dearly loved father, and loneliness had a great effect in his life. The positive adaptations of the depressed experiences are expressed in his works. At a young age being deserted by his mother was traumatic. The scrambled family life became worse as his loving Father A. Alexander died when Bond was ten. (Amita Aggarwal, 1)  [18]  . Bond was ill-fated to miss his fathers funeral. The only inheritance was the final letter written by his father anticipating the arrival of Bond for the summer vacation. After the death of Alexander, Bond felt insecure and neglected when he visited Agnet Clark the first time. Unhappy days and quarrelling with his mother gave him shelter in the train platforms and park benches. Then Bond made his way to London and began his career.( http://www.certified-easy.com).  [19]   1.6.3 The Career of Ruskin Bond Bond started his career as a junior clerk in a solicitors office at Jersey, then in a travel agency without any proper experience took over the third job in carrying pay packets to the workers in the Channel Island. The Room on the Roof, helped him to be awarded with The John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize (1957) and lighted bond career into a self esteemed position. It was the right beginning with all trivial experiences that made Bond to portray and express his thoughts in various genres of Literature (Amita Aggarwal, 3). 1.6.4 Works and Achievements Ruskin Bond the pioneer of Childrens literature in India remains a tremendous writer and his contributions are several. Bonds first novel The Room on the Roof (1956) won him John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, a major British Literary prize in 1957 and Sahitya Academy Award for his novel Our Trees Still Grow in Delhi (1991). After his first award bond decided to stay in India and began his writing career successfully spanned it for more than five decades. The government of India awarded him the Padmabhushan title for his English Literature for children in 1999.one of Bonds famous work The Angry River was published in India, France, Germany, Denmark and Italy. Bonds works are of great interest to children, the protagonists are none other than the children themselves. For instance in The Blue Umbrella, the little girl Binya thinks that her beautiful Umbrella is a treasured possession and thinks very proud that she has got the best umbrella in her village. In the Hidden Pool winning a beetle rac e is as great as winning a big tournament. The animal stories are also of great interest, the Grandfathers Private Zoo , Tiger Tiger Burning Bright , and others stories are pleasure giving to children and factual. Bond has written several novels like, Vagrants in the Valley, A Flight of Pigeons and Delhi is Not Far, and a collection of essays like The Lamp Is Lit, poems, more than five hundred short stories and Childrens books. Bond has written some articles with varying topics from ghosts to buffaloes, and some of them were published in The Sunday Statesman, The Hindu and the Tribute. Ruskin Bond caused a great influence in the tender hearts of children, the government has added some of his works like, The Night Train at Deoli, Time Stops At Shamli, and Our Tree Still Grow In Dehra. Some of his works are adapted into movies. The Flight of Pigeons was adapted into a Merchant Ivory movie, Junoon, in 2007 his famous work The Blue Umbrella was made into a film and the movie won the National Award for Best Childrens film. (www.readingrainbow.in)  [20]   Being a famous writer there are some darker sides of life that are expressed in his novellas. The selected short stories are chosen with a reason to show that there are psychological aspects (factors) of both biological and social are mentioned. The loss/distress/ anxiety caused by the factors are studied/ analyzed with the Object Relation theorist D.W. Winnicotts concept. The characters and their plot best suit the experiment of psychoanalysis. Bond has not written novellas with an attitude of entertainment but also for information/lesson for the readers. The selected short stories have immense information for both the society and family in making the younger generation to build a healthy nation. 1.7 The Three Short Stories 1.7.1 The Blue Umbrella- The story is set in a small village where Binya the heroine had two cows, Nellu the blue grey cow and Gori the white fair one. Like most mountain girls Binya was quite sturdy, fair skinned, with pink cheeks and dark eyes and her black hair tied in a pigtail. She wore pretty glass bangles and a leopard claw necklace. This lucky charm was traded for a pretty, frilly, blue, silk, umbrella which was like a flower, a great blue flower that sprung upon the dry brown hillside. Most of the people were envious on Binyas umbrella. The richest man in the village Mr. Ram Bharosa tried to possess the treasured possession of a poor cultivators daughter. This deceitfulness and the treachery encountered to Binya marks the climax of the story. Old Bharosa named as the trusty umbrella thief was excommunicated by the society, underwent a transformation and renowned his name Ram the trustworthy.Binya though younger than Bharosa, was yet a warm giver of her treasured possession. Bharosa too complemented the umbrella for a silver pendent with a bears claw which was even luckier than the leopards claw. Binya sang and walked home through the darkening glade. The trees stood still and listened to her and the mountains were glad. (Ruskin Bond The Blue Umbrella  [21]  ) 1.7.2 The Angry River- The story starts with the description of a big river and the small island in the middle of it, with a small family of Sita, her Grandfather and Grandmother. Three goats, some hens and a small vegetable garden were their possessions. The family lived in a small house with three sides made out of mud, and the other side of the wall was mounted on a big rock. Monsoon has started and there were possibilities of a flood. The old man and his sick wife with the three goats rode swiftly on the river and reached the other bank making their way to the hospital at Shanganj. The little heroine is left alone and her misfortunes started. The rain started pouring out, and the water level increased, village flooded; things were floating, a drowned buffalo being carried rapidly downstream (The Angry River 29). Sitas worst fears increased. River roared higher and their little house was drowned in water. Her only refuge was the tall Peepul tree. Rain poured unabated, her only companion friend Mumta, a little doll stitched with the rag cloths was carried by the forceful current of the river. Sita felt the pain in her arms and at a moment of losing her grip from the branch, she heard a voice reaching out to help and it was Krishna. After tuff turmoil throughout the night Krishna takes her to Shanganj. The next day Sita saw the dazed look in the eyes of the old man, Sita made out that her Grandmother is no more. Grandfather and Sita returned to the island after few days and rebuilt the mud hut. Sita planted a mango tree hoping that she will feast one day sitting on it. Her new companion friend returned playing the flute for her. Sometimes the river is angry, and sometimes it is kind, said Sita. We are part of the river said the boy. We cannot live without it. It is a good river, deep, and strong, beginning in the mountains and ending in the sea. (Ruskin Bond 83, The Angry River).  [22]   1.7.3 The Dust on the Mountain- The summer scourged, the dry winter season began, the hill side was brown and the fields were bare. Bishnu the little protagonist had a lean ox ploughing the hard ground with an old plough. The forest fire was rampant and thousands of Himalayan trees were perishing. The family waited for the monsoon but not a glimpse of symptoms for the rain. The fatherless family waited long to survive the barrenness, nothing to store for the upcoming winter. Bishnu, the man of his family decided to step out and earn money, took a two days journey to Mussoorie and found a job in the cinema tea stall. With a warning to handle the cups and plates carefully Bishnu is fixed at fifty rupees a month. A little servant with family burden worked serving tea and samosas, even kicked on the shin by a college student for having spilt tea on the students shoes. Bishnu managed the cruelty for the sake of the family. After the month of September Bishnu and Chittru set out for limestone quarries which is an eight m ile journey from Mussoorie. They neared the quarries; the limestone dust

Energy Needed Essay -- Environment Oil Fossil Fuels Papers

Energy Needed As the world population soars, we as a global community are met with a need to fulfill the energy requirements of this increasing population. Probably no one is in complete agreement on how to accomplish this. The World Energy Conference has concluded that energy needs in 3 decades will be 75% higher than today. The popular concern over fuel consumption that was so prevalent following the 1970 oil crunches has gone by the wayside. This concern has recently been revived, but the action is still left to "other" people. One area of concern is the environmental impact of our consumption of fossil fuels. The use of these fuels are often blamed for global warming, however the reasons are still under much debate. We are generally looking to achieve better fuel efficiency. But with lowering fuel costs, sometimes this is not a priority. Political and economic interests tend to maintain the status quo. The 1970 oil shocks increased our fuel efficiency tremendously, but we still have a ways to go relative "to European countries or Japan"(Chase). The current energy mix is also an area for debate. This has changed throughout the past couple centuries--are we in the process of another transition, is a change necessary? Currently oil is the principle energy supplier, followed by coal and natural gas. Natural gas would seem poised to become the fuel of the 21st century with advantages over coal and oil and being more abundant than previously thought (Chase). The view of the World Energy Council and other organizations is to maintain the current trend, but shift reliance somewhat toward other fossil fuels like lignate or shale. With this scenario large technological or policy changes will not have to o ccur (Flavin and Lensse... ...p://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/infocard.html [11-13-96]. Flavin, Christopher. USA Today: Harnessing the Sun and Wind. Nov. 1995. Flavin, Christopher and Nicholas Lenssen. Beyond the Petroleum Age: Designing a Solar Economy. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1990. Flavin, Christopher and Niccholas Lenssen. Power Surge: Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1994. Hoagland, William. Scientific American: Solar Energy. Sept. 1995. Kazloff, Keith Lee. Environment: Renewable Energy Technology: an urgent need, hard sell. November 1994. Matthews, W. Samuel. National Geographic: Is Our World Warming? Oct. 1990. Potts, M. The Mother Earth News: The Future of Solar is Now. Aug./Sept. 1995. United States Interagency Task Force on Solar Energy. Project Independence . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing, 1995. Energy Needed Essay -- Environment Oil Fossil Fuels Papers Energy Needed As the world population soars, we as a global community are met with a need to fulfill the energy requirements of this increasing population. Probably no one is in complete agreement on how to accomplish this. The World Energy Conference has concluded that energy needs in 3 decades will be 75% higher than today. The popular concern over fuel consumption that was so prevalent following the 1970 oil crunches has gone by the wayside. This concern has recently been revived, but the action is still left to "other" people. One area of concern is the environmental impact of our consumption of fossil fuels. The use of these fuels are often blamed for global warming, however the reasons are still under much debate. We are generally looking to achieve better fuel efficiency. But with lowering fuel costs, sometimes this is not a priority. Political and economic interests tend to maintain the status quo. The 1970 oil shocks increased our fuel efficiency tremendously, but we still have a ways to go relative "to European countries or Japan"(Chase). The current energy mix is also an area for debate. This has changed throughout the past couple centuries--are we in the process of another transition, is a change necessary? Currently oil is the principle energy supplier, followed by coal and natural gas. Natural gas would seem poised to become the fuel of the 21st century with advantages over coal and oil and being more abundant than previously thought (Chase). The view of the World Energy Council and other organizations is to maintain the current trend, but shift reliance somewhat toward other fossil fuels like lignate or shale. With this scenario large technological or policy changes will not have to o ccur (Flavin and Lensse... ...p://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/infocard.html [11-13-96]. Flavin, Christopher. USA Today: Harnessing the Sun and Wind. Nov. 1995. Flavin, Christopher and Nicholas Lenssen. Beyond the Petroleum Age: Designing a Solar Economy. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1990. Flavin, Christopher and Niccholas Lenssen. Power Surge: Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1994. Hoagland, William. Scientific American: Solar Energy. Sept. 1995. Kazloff, Keith Lee. Environment: Renewable Energy Technology: an urgent need, hard sell. November 1994. Matthews, W. Samuel. National Geographic: Is Our World Warming? Oct. 1990. Potts, M. The Mother Earth News: The Future of Solar is Now. Aug./Sept. 1995. United States Interagency Task Force on Solar Energy. Project Independence . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing, 1995.

Land O. Lakes Marketing Strategy

In business, it is essential for management to understand the role and importance of marketing to his or her organization. Management utilizes marketing tools to satisfy the needs of customers, and to gain a better understanding of the product itself. The goal of this paper is to discuss and analyze the distribution practices of Land O Lakes butter. In review of the distribution practices, I will also attempt to show the importance of knowing and understanding the product you are marketing. Distribution Strategies A distribution strategy is in relation to how a company will distribute the product or services they are offering to the consumer.The distribution of a product is essential to the organization. Making sure the product is at the right place at the right time. If the demand for the product is underestimated, the consumer will not be able to purchase the product, which will affect profits. There are two channels of distribution; indirect and direct. Indirect channels of distri bution involve distributing the product to different outlets before it gets to the retailer or consumer, for example the product is sold to a manufacture, then to a wholesaler, and then on to the retailer.Direct channels of distribution involve shipping the product directly from the manufacturer to the consumer. There are several types of distribution strategies. The most common types are intensive distribution, exclusive distribution, and selective distribution. Intensive distribution is more commonly used to distribute low priced or impulse purchases, for example soft drinks. Exclusive distribution involves limited distribution to a single outlet, for example cars. Selective Distribution is when an organization uses a select and small number of outlets to distribute his or her product.Land O Lakes uses an indirect distribution channel and intensive distribution. Distribution Models A distribution model is the manner in which goods move from the manufacturer to the outlet where the consumer purchases them; in some marketplaces, it's a very complex channel, including distributors, wholesaler, jobbers and brokers (Entrepreneur 2010). A distribution model is needed once you have determined how the product will be distributed. Land O Lakes uses the direct distribution model. he producer (farmer), the wholesaler, and then to the retailer, this is similar to that of the conventional distribution model, however, Land O Lakes owns and operates the manufacturing of the product. Distribution Chain A distribution chain refers to the means used to transfer the product or merchandise from the manufacturer to the end user. Land O Lakes is a cooperative, the coop states that it has about 3200 producer-members, 1000 member-cooperatives, and about 9000 employees who process and distribute products for about 300,000 agricultural producers (Land O Lakes, 2010)JIT (Just in Time) Just in time marketing, also called JIT refers to the manufacturing operations of a company. It is in tended to eliminate the wasteful, non value adding tasks and strives for continuous improvement in productivity (Businessihub, 2010). The JIT philosophy was developed in 1970’s by Taiichi Ohno, of Japan. Ohno, developed his philosophy while working with manufacturing plants of Toyota. The primary goal of JIT is to achieve maximum output on a timely basis. Land O Lakes has a similar program it uses to promote and maintain effectiveness. Push vs. PullPush vs. Pull marketing strategies are two different methods for promoting products and services to consumers. Push and Pull marketing is used to define marketing practices for getting the consumer to purchase a particular product or service. Push marketing refers to putting the product or service out to the end user. This can be done through various advertising, such as cold calling, emailing prospective customers, to using a popular website to promote the product. In retail, an example would be in department stores; a salesperson can push or recommend a particular product.Pull marketing refers to an attempt to get the consumer to come and see what product or service your organization is offering. The consumer is enticed so to speak, by the promotions and advertising being presented. Land O Lakes used the pull method of marketing to promote the new butter spread with olive oil, with a commercial of an Olive painted with cow markings, and created the â€Å"Colive†. The promotion included a free coupon to try the spread. Wheel of Retailing Wheels of retailing is a hypothesis of M. P. McNair that explains the patterns of change in retailing.It is new types of retailers who cut prices by lowering or eliminating customer services, once established, the retailer increases prices and customer services. During this process the retailer becomes vulnerable to the next low priced retailer. Types of Wholesalers The U. S. Bureau of the Census defines wholesalers as: The activities of those persons or establishment s which sell to retailers and other merchants, and or to industrial, institutional, and commercial users, but who do not sell in large amounts to final consumers.It is important for marketing managers to understand the role of the wholesaler. There are ten types of wholesalers. The merchant wholesaler owns the products he or she is selling. The general merchandise wholesalers are service wholesalers who carry a variety of non perishable items, such as hardware, cosmetics, furniture, and apparel. The single line wholesalers are also service wholesalers who carry a smaller line of merchandise than the general wholesaler; this type of wholesaler may just carry one item in particular.The specialty wholesalers are a service wholesaler who carry a narrow range of products, but offers more service and information, such as Vitamin Cottage. The cash and carry wholesalers are the same as the service wholesalers except the customer must pay in cash. The drop shipper wholesaler own the products just like merchant sellers, however they do not handle stock or deliveries, and are mainly focused on selling, this type of wholesaler sells products in bulk and gets product orders from other wholesalers and business users.The Truck wholesaler specializes in delivering products he or she stocks in their own trucks, an example of this type of wholesaler would be Mountain Man Candy. The last three types of wholesalers are Mail order wholesalers, Producers’ Cooperatives, and Rack jobbers (2010). Land O Lakes would be considered a producer’s cooperatives. A producer’s cooperative are wholesalers who operate almost as full service wholesalers, however the profits go to the cooperatives customer members (2010). ConclusionIn conclusion, over the past several years business models and strategies have become more advanced. Distribution is important to any organization, to understand how and when the product will get to the consumer. Efficiency is the key. When deciding how to distribute the product to the end user, the marketing manager has to take all aspects of the distribution process into consideration, as well as what the consumer wants. After all, the customer is the one to please, if you want the product to sell.

Free Essays on Sign Language

Communication is the basis of everyone’s lives. Without communication we would not be able to do anything. We would not be able to work together and make this world what is today, we would not be able to have families, and we would not be able survive. Communication is our means of survival. There are many types of communication; written, oral, and body language. Further more body language can be used as a type of Sign Language. In this paper I will explain the history of Sign Language and explain Helen Keller’s effect on the world and how she helped make Sign Language an actual language, and the reactions of the deaf people trying to make it easier for them to get along in this world. In America today the Sign Language that is used by deaf people is a mix of signs brought from France in the early 19th century. A man named Dr. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet taught a girl named Alice Cogsewell communication as an experiment. As a result of his success he was send abroad to study methods of Sign Language that was being used in England. In London Dr. Gallaudet got to meet the owner of the Signing school in Paris, Abbe Sicard. The school had been founded by a man named Abbe de L’Epee in 1755. Abbe was known as the inventor of French Sign Language. He also published a book explaining both his sign system and his method of teaching the deaf. After Gallaudet had spent many months studying he return to America and brought another deaf instructor, Laurent Clerc, along with him. Many years later Gallaudet had started many schools in the United States. The first school was established in Hartford, Connecticut in 1817. Gallaudet passed his dream down to his son that established Gallaudet College, the first only college for the deaf. It is located in Washington and the charter for the school was signed in 1864 by President Abraham Lincoln. The hand positions to represent letters are a vital and historical element of manual co... Free Essays on Sign Language Free Essays on Sign Language Communication is the basis of everyone’s lives. Without communication we would not be able to do anything. We would not be able to work together and make this world what is today, we would not be able to have families, and we would not be able survive. Communication is our means of survival. There are many types of communication; written, oral, and body language. Further more body language can be used as a type of Sign Language. In this paper I will explain the history of Sign Language and explain Helen Keller’s effect on the world and how she helped make Sign Language an actual language, and the reactions of the deaf people trying to make it easier for them to get along in this world. In America today the Sign Language that is used by deaf people is a mix of signs brought from France in the early 19th century. A man named Dr. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet taught a girl named Alice Cogsewell communication as an experiment. As a result of his success he was send abroad to study methods of Sign Language that was being used in England. In London Dr. Gallaudet got to meet the owner of the Signing school in Paris, Abbe Sicard. The school had been founded by a man named Abbe de L’Epee in 1755. Abbe was known as the inventor of French Sign Language. He also published a book explaining both his sign system and his method of teaching the deaf. After Gallaudet had spent many months studying he return to America and brought another deaf instructor, Laurent Clerc, along with him. Many years later Gallaudet had started many schools in the United States. The first school was established in Hartford, Connecticut in 1817. Gallaudet passed his dream down to his son that established Gallaudet College, the first only college for the deaf. It is located in Washington and the charter for the school was signed in 1864 by President Abraham Lincoln. The hand positions to represent letters are a vital and historical element of manual co...

John Locke and Plato Essay Example

John Locke and Plato Essay Example John Locke and Plato Paper John Locke and Plato Paper The two views with regards to innate knowledge that both John Locke and Plato hold, are quite different. Locke shares the view that there is no such thing as innate knowledge, and that knowledge is obtained through experiences in ones life. Plato holds a completely different viewpoint and feels that knowledge is not something that is learned, but it is recollected. He feels that the knowledge is inside each human being, and that the individual needs to be pointed in the right direction to perhaps recall that particular knowledge. John Locke was known as an Empiricist, and that meant he did not believe in innate knowledge. Locke feels that we are born as a Tabula Rosa or blank state, and that through our experiences do we gain knowledge. Locke felt that knowledge comes from experiences and more specifically, sensation and reflection. Examples of sensations would basically be the five senses, and reflections would be pure thoughts or feelings. Furthermore, primary ideas were designated as being physical objects and were designated as bulk, size, motion, figure and number. Secondary ideas were characterized as being in ones head and were characterized as distinguishing sweetness, roughness or color. One of the big discrepancies I found would have been Platos views on the advancement of science or technology. By means of Empiricism, we are able to change our ideas over time as we determine that past theories are incorrect and are able to build upon new ideas, whereas Plato felt that innate knowledge was simply discovered and admit to having been wrong. It seems to me that over time we develop newer and better theories on certain subject matters, as opposed to just simply being wrong about things and all of a sudden just seeing the light with regards to the newly discovered innate knowledge. Plato felt that morals and ethics were innate, whereas Locke felt that experiences provide us with data to show us what is morally right and wrong. I must say that I do not agree with Platos beliefs in any way. I do not feel that we are simply born with all this knowledge and simply by being pointed in the proper direction, we are able to ascertain that which we were previously unaware of. John Lockes beliefs that by experiencing things we are able to understand and solve problems to me make much more sense. For example if you took a healthy child and from the day they were born placed them in an enclosed room providing them with proper food for nourishment and growth, and you monitored that child over the years one would find that the child would have no aspects of innate knowledge.

Microeconomics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Microeconomics - Term Paper Example The saving-investment is derived twice in this report once in the simplest way and then by adding other components of savings. The second part of this report delved into the aggregate demand and supply side of Keynesian economics. The Keynesian aggregate supply curve is studied in details. A typical Keynesian AS curve is reverse L-shaped with a sharp connecting point. However the newer version or the New Keynesian AS curve is also a reverse L-shaped with positive slope and rounded connecting corners. Different types of macro models emerged at different points of time in the history of economic development. Simple Keynesian model is the static demand side model used to predict values of the macro variables as well as for analysing the effect of Government policies. It claims that these variables like output and employment are determined by the level of effective aggregate demand in the economy. It also claims that through fiscal and monetary policy intervention, the Government can increase the level of demand and thereby increase aggregate output and employment in the economy. The Keynesian economists emerged after the Great Depression of 1929 following which there was a sustained period of unemployment of labour and under-capacity utilization. Keynesian economists explained how under certain circumstances absence of sufficient demand for produced goods and services may cause underemployment equilibrium i.e. a level of output and employment from which there is no tendency to change though both labour and machines are unemployed. It basically questioned the classical faith that the market will always ensure that whatever is produced will be demanded in the aggregate. Keynesian economists as a corollary argued that if the Government through fiscal and monetary measures can increase the level of demand, full employment of resources might be ensured. Most market economies followed the Keynesian

MacDonald Triad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MacDonald Triad - Essay Example Research evidences suggest that fire setting behaviour in childhood can be linked to release of frustration or anger, which has well been recognized as potential reasons of homicidal tendency. Criminal psychologists point out that many murderers engage in animal cruelty to get courage for harming their human rivals. Like the case of fire setting in childhood, children use to engage in animal cruelty as a way of expressing their anger and or frustration. Children consider animals as weaker and vulnerable segments and hence they enjoy a wild pleasure by torturing animals. Later, those children gain power over humans and gradually this behaviour turns to violent offenses. This theoretical concept has been supported by many scholars. â€Å"Studies have found that those who engaged in childhood acts of animal cruelty used the same method of killing on their human victims as they did on their animal victims† (RTBot, 2012). In a study conducted among 45 violent offenders by McClellan (2008), it was found that nearly 56% of them had engaged in animal cruelty during childhood. It clearly indicates the notable relationship between animal cruelty and late violent behaviors. Similarly, some scholars are of the view that a child may develop frustration if he/she was punished for unintentional bedwetting during sleep and this mental state would eventually lead to violent behavior. An additional strength is that many studies could prove a close link between fire setting and animal cruelty in childhood. According to these findings, there are many common causes for obsession with fire setting, animal cruelty, and violent behaviors. The major weakness of this model is that statistical studies do not indicate a strong link between the triad and violent offenders. Some researchers argue that the three behaviors linked to violent tendencies by MacDonald may be simply resulted from parental neglect and

ADFP Advanced Strategy Advice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

ADFP Advanced Strategy Advice - Assignment Example This assessment focuses primarily on strategic recommendations in a financial planning context. It encompasses your knowledge base acquired across previous modules within the Diploma of Financial Planning and the Advanced Diploma of Financial Planning. The assessment is aimed at utilising your skills in understanding and applying some of the concepts contained in the FirstTech Super Guide from Colonial First State. Although it is called a Super Guide, this text goes beyond just superannuation concepts and also addresses taxation, social security and insurance, as all of these topics are interrelated. This assignment contains 6 assessment activities each containing specific instructions. Grading for this assessment will be deemed â€Å"competent† or â€Å"not-yet-competent† in line with specified educational standards under the Australian Qualifications Framework. These answers contain relevant and accurate information in response to the question/s with limited serious e rrors in fact or application. If incorrect information is contained in an answer, it must be fundamentally outweighed by the accurate information provided. This will be assessed against a marking guide provided to assessors for their determination.

Critique & Vanities Essay Example for Free

Critique Vanities Essay Written by an American, Jack Heifner â€Å"Vanities† is a story relating to three young girls from a little town called Texas. The lives of these three girls take a sharp turn in puzzling ways after a deeply intense period at school where they would spend good time flinging themselves into the air and making noises. The girls enjoyed their happy times and shared together but after going away from one another, they forgot everything and separately started their own means of survival. According to the playwright it seems that cheerleaders who are worshipped and envied in high school do not grow up and live charmed lives in their later years. The playwright begins by mentioning his three characters namely Lauren Kennedy, Sarah Stiles and Anneliese van der Pol who acted as cheerleaders sometimes back when they were in high school and college. All the three beautiful girls shown in this pleasant but forgettable play must weather the storm and trouble after putting away their pullovers and saddle shoes. The play begins in a conventional and inconsequential manner; however, it comes in a series of oral plays that are arranged in a sequential order. In the beginning of the play, the three characters are revealed as having a happy life in high school, socializing with one another and even sharing their happy times together. Kathy, who is living in the apartment, plans and organizes a get-together party for the three and though the playwright does not mention the reason behind the holding of the get-together party; it is true that the party was meant to commemorate the happy times and sorrowful times that they had been sharing together. Joanne, to whom life seemed to be still an active convention, is now getting out of shape with time. She is a pretty girl and one who does not care much about the future. Kate Guyton also displays the same characters. Kate Guyton is later engaged in a marriage relationship with Ted who is revealed as the play’s most lively and puzzling characters but does not show herself. Mary as acted by Regan Thompson changes from a sex maniac young girl to a professional marketer of the same trade. She has an art gallery that deals with erotic art despite being married and one of her best customers is none other than the wandering Ted with whom she has an affair. The girls do not seem to learn anything in school. Mary wishes to be a nurse or a psychologist. Kathy does not want to be anything whereas Joanne goes on being a virgin. Ted is arguably the most active and strange character in this play, though he does not take an active role. When Anneliese van der Pol, who is a cheerleader tried to attract her friends attention to bow to the get-together party every thing does not go smoothly since the boys and other social issues keep getting in the way and as result, Anneliese van der Pol’s confidence on the success of the get-together party is rendered hopeless. However, she tries with all her effort to get back to her friends Joanne and Mary. Due to this situation, the playwright uses Kirshenbaum’s music to reflect the kind of dilemma she was undergoing. The young women appear to be in confused states of mind than there before and do not even show the character of leadership despite having been cheerleaders before. Joanne plans a wedding with her former high school sweetheart but at the same time, Mary also plans to travel to Europe in summer. Kathy still doubts the fact that her former friend and schoolmate have married a woman who is already. As a result of this she gets disappointed with men. Mary then comes in to console her friend from her disappointment. This clearly displays the obvious strained relationship of the three girls in this reunion party. The character of cheerleading learned at high school seems to have ended there. It did not go beyond the school gate. At the time the play goes to New York City, the three actresses had been completely changed in their characters from which they had when they were together. Mary who is a prostitute gets angry of her friend Joanne because of her decision to become a housewife and a mother. This problem disturbs Joanne but later reveals it when she gets drunk. The trio-actresses have strong and appealing voices. However, Ms Kennedy looks worried because she has to smoke every time. Or could she be experiencing a difficulty in relating with the others? Probably as they also do not get out of the arena during the short break and they sit at the table of vanity to have time to adjust their makeup. After watching the play I was amazed by the playwrights’ theme of misguided values as shown by the transformation of the characters of the three girls. They experienced overexcitement in high school, life of uncertainty in college and sadness in their final reunion. But is life that vain as the writer tries to show? I don’t think so but it might reflect these trends if the values that one calculates are against the norms or misplaced as the characters reveal. Works cited Heifner Jack â€Å"Vanities† 1963

Go Tell It On A Mountain - Sum Essay -- essays research papers

Part One- The Seventh Day: 1. Summary- The story starts by introducing the active role of church in John’s and his family’s life. Various activities occur on Sunday in church, such as school, hymns, and preaching. On the morning of his birthday, he wakes up to lay in bed, pondering on his past birthdays and events. He falls asleep to wake up late and head to breakfast. Roy’s hardheaded personality is introduced here through an argument with his mother. The argument was based on their father, and his abusive behavior. After breakfast, John is assigned to sweep the front room, which is just one of his many labors around the house. He takes a pause to think of what kind of birthday this is, where no one even remembers it. But his mother comes through and gives him some change to get a gift for himself, so he runs out to the city. On his way there, rage fills him and he daydreams about the white folk in the city looking at him with respect. Respect of him because he’ll own the city. Reality strikes him and he realizes that the people don’t even notice him. After using the money for a movie, he arrives back at home finding out that Roy had been in an incident. His father, aunt, and mother have a dispute and then the next day John heads to church early to open up and clean up. Him and Elisha (a brother and preacher of the church) have a talk. John is told to think about being saved, just as Elisha had been saved. Part Two- The Prayers of the Saints: Florence’s Prayers 1. Summary- This next chapter focuses on John’s aunt, Florence. It begins with Florence at church, she is sorry for her sin yet doesn’t remember how to pray. A few nights before, she had received a threatening message repeatedly and even saw death. The story then jumps back to her youth, where she worked as a servant-girl. She lived with her mother and younger brother, Gabriel. Florence had been a child hood friend with John’s mother, Deborah. Gabriel would be the “apple of her [his mother] eyes';; he would be sent to school, fed more, and treated more specially. For this reason, Florence would resent her brother; she wanted to learn far more than her brother ever did. The story jumps back to John and what he sees in church for a brief moment, then goes in to talk about Florence’s husband... ... confusing chapter of the book. From what I read, it seems that John is on the threshing floor with all these emotions and events going through his head. At first he hears voices, but it’s confusing to tell whom it is coming from. The second set of voices came from above that sounds like his family. As John cries for help, his father comes to the rescue. The assistance is rejected because john does not want to be like his father. Then his father attempts to lead him up the road, but John resists. John thinks for a while and found out how the devil is toying with John. Elisha comes to the rescue by talking with John. This talk raised John’s faith and found his place before the Lord. His mother is happy and smiles, but yet John wants to make sure no one forgets. He tells Elisha, that no matter what happens, he was saved. He explains how he went to the valley and was saved. Elisha tells him that God won’t forget him, and leaves him with a kiss on the forehead. The story ends with a picture perfect scene with the sun out and all. But yet, his father does not smile at John when smiled at him, that is one thing I don’t understand about the ending. Go Tell It On A Mountain - Sum Essay -- essays research papers Part One- The Seventh Day: 1. Summary- The story starts by introducing the active role of church in John’s and his family’s life. Various activities occur on Sunday in church, such as school, hymns, and preaching. On the morning of his birthday, he wakes up to lay in bed, pondering on his past birthdays and events. He falls asleep to wake up late and head to breakfast. Roy’s hardheaded personality is introduced here through an argument with his mother. The argument was based on their father, and his abusive behavior. After breakfast, John is assigned to sweep the front room, which is just one of his many labors around the house. He takes a pause to think of what kind of birthday this is, where no one even remembers it. But his mother comes through and gives him some change to get a gift for himself, so he runs out to the city. On his way there, rage fills him and he daydreams about the white folk in the city looking at him with respect. Respect of him because he’ll own the city. Reality strikes him and he realizes that the people don’t even notice him. After using the money for a movie, he arrives back at home finding out that Roy had been in an incident. His father, aunt, and mother have a dispute and then the next day John heads to church early to open up and clean up. Him and Elisha (a brother and preacher of the church) have a talk. John is told to think about being saved, just as Elisha had been saved. Part Two- The Prayers of the Saints: Florence’s Prayers 1. Summary- This next chapter focuses on John’s aunt, Florence. It begins with Florence at church, she is sorry for her sin yet doesn’t remember how to pray. A few nights before, she had received a threatening message repeatedly and even saw death. The story then jumps back to her youth, where she worked as a servant-girl. She lived with her mother and younger brother, Gabriel. Florence had been a child hood friend with John’s mother, Deborah. Gabriel would be the “apple of her [his mother] eyes';; he would be sent to school, fed more, and treated more specially. For this reason, Florence would resent her brother; she wanted to learn far more than her brother ever did. The story jumps back to John and what he sees in church for a brief moment, then goes in to talk about Florence’s husband... ... confusing chapter of the book. From what I read, it seems that John is on the threshing floor with all these emotions and events going through his head. At first he hears voices, but it’s confusing to tell whom it is coming from. The second set of voices came from above that sounds like his family. As John cries for help, his father comes to the rescue. The assistance is rejected because john does not want to be like his father. Then his father attempts to lead him up the road, but John resists. John thinks for a while and found out how the devil is toying with John. Elisha comes to the rescue by talking with John. This talk raised John’s faith and found his place before the Lord. His mother is happy and smiles, but yet John wants to make sure no one forgets. He tells Elisha, that no matter what happens, he was saved. He explains how he went to the valley and was saved. Elisha tells him that God won’t forget him, and leaves him with a kiss on the forehead. The story ends with a picture perfect scene with the sun out and all. But yet, his father does not smile at John when smiled at him, that is one thing I don’t understand about the ending.