How bad leadership affects organization Essay

Jean Lipman-Blumen defined bad leadership as, â€Å"A toxic leader is one who engages in numerous destructive behaviors and who exhibits certain dysfunctional personal characteristics that inflict some degree of serious harm on either individuals or the organization. † (Bad Leadership: Antecedents and Prescriptions) Where there is a bad leadership present in the organization and workplace, this could lead to harmful consequences. For example, accidents, loss of productivity, cost ineffectiveness, low quality of product, communication gab, employees’ absences, industrial sabotage, etc. However, reasons for poor leadership could take place from a number of reasons such as leaders who possess poor leadership skills. And this could affect employees, co-workers and not surprisingly, leaders as well. In addition to this, leaders with insufficient skills may be worried with their own problems and may slow down any business activity within an individuality or group. A research study has revealed the fact that inadequate leadership skill significantly affects on other coworkers and inexperience member of the organizations. Because of poor leadership skills of a leader, an organization may suffer from pessimistic work views, lack of vision towards the company’s future goal, shortage of qualities to motivate workers, lack of social skills, and lack of inspiration. Obviously, leaders are paid to solve problems and not just to hold them. Thus, leaders are paid to provide good leadership which results in the achievement of a company’s goals. Kevin Dwyer, Poor Leadership; Poor Results 2006, said that, â€Å"Leaders must take it upon themselves to make â€Å"it† happen. Shuffling off responsibility for action to committees, subordinates, government departments and forever bemoaning the lack of action is not good enough. Leaders are in the position of being able to both diagnose the ailment and treat the ailment of an organization. If they won’t do it, who will? † (Dwyer, n. d. ) Communication is considered the life blood of every organization. Hence, lack of communication leads to negative outputs. Besides this, a leader who possesses poor communication and social skills can be harmful for a company. Because of poor leadership, communication often fails and this leads to several work mistakes and unwanted business expenses. For successful business operations, it is important that leaders should be equipped with great communication skills which can be applied in the organization in order to achieve a company’s desired objectives. In other words, Robert Hogan, Gordon Curphey, and Joyce Hogan wrote in American Psychologist that â€Å"abusive and incompetent management create billions of dollars of lost productivity each year. † (Stanford Business Magazine May 2006). More than 290 professionals were taken into consideration in a survey conducted in the period from 2004 to 2005. This survey revealed what seemed to be a murky spot among best planners and their own management & leadership skills. It is a fact that planners spend most of their work time in planning and summarizing things for future. In the study, they found that in most of the cases, poor leadership dumps a company’s overall planning. Or sometimes even worse, poor leadership hinders planners for producing new ways of problem solving. In addition, Business Corporations seldom get success where leaders do not know how to solve a particular problem. According to one survey, â€Å"if an organization pays an average leader $80,000 a year, that leader should bring back at least that amount of value to the organization; otherwise, the person could be considered a losing investment. Ideally, leaders return more than what they are paid, thus producing profit. Past studies have shown that there is about a 40 percent deviation in performance for a given role. So, an average leader might be worth $80,000, a great leader worth $112,000 (+ 40%), and a poor leader worth $48,000 (- 40%)†. (Cost of Poor Leadership Calculator) Psychologically speaking, workers and employees who perceive their leaders abusive, experience psychological distress, boredom, increased work conflicts, lower levels of commitment towards the company’s goals and objectives, depression, lower production outputs, low levels of job satisfaction, decreased individual working capabilities, and so forth. And consequently, in the presence of these above mentioned findings among employees, it seems very difficult to achieve organizational goals in a timely manner. According to another study conducted in the UK about retail banks, the average high street bank could increase sales by ? 65 million per year by improving employee satisfaction by just 10 per cent and almost half of the 44,000 people surveyed said that poor leadership was adversely affecting their organization’s performance. Steve Young, Project Director at ISR said that, â€Å"Leadership is an area that is really letting organizations down when it comes to employee commitment, while a quarter of employees blamed either a bad working climate or low work enablers, a half blamed poor leadership. † (Poor leadership pushes down banking profits) In poor leadership, employees’ morale declines and they feel less committed towards the company and its mission. In this dilemma situation, projects are completed slowly and hastily. In addition, when employees’ morale is down, they experience boredom. Some Suggestions for Good Leadership In order to run the organization in an effective and competitive way, management makes an outline about the leadership strategies. Moreover, they should not also watch poor leadership but also eradicate the roots of poor leadership. In this regard, the following are some points that can be used by any management to improve a leader’s qualities. 1) Quietly undermine the leader 2) link with others to confront the leader 3) link with others to overthrow the leader 4) Avoid entrapment by friends and family members 5) bound the term of leadership 6) enhance the selection process 7) Create good exit options for leaders 8) Hold directors in charge make them act 9) make a system of checks and balances 10) Protect whistle blowers. Despite all these facts, a poor leader should evaluate him or her and determine his weakness and pitfalls in each and every respect of the leadership. And following are guidelines for it 1) know your power and how to use it 2) welcome the worth of leaders and cherish the assistance they make 3) recognize the seductiveness and drawback of the power of leaders 4) Study bad leadership to learn from the mistakes of bad leaders. Conclusion As I discussed above and gave several examples about good and bad leadership, it makes very clear that a company’s success and failure depends upon the fact that how leaders can lead a team to achieve an organization’s motives. Historically speaking, leaders have a significant effect on the overall business and group performance of an organization. Besides this, good leaders can apply their superior leadership skills to make things better and to turn organizational goals in the right direction. On the contrary, bad leadership affects a company’s performance negatively in terms of production, employees’ morale, ethics, communication and many other things. So, it is the responsibility of the management and the director to keep a check on the leader’s role in the organization for the sake of that organization’s success. Hence, a good leader makes a significant difference in the successful operation of any organization regardless of the scope of that organization. However, we must not forget that superior leadership is not just confined to the business sector. Effective leaders are also necessary for the peace of the whole world in every sense. References A good leader offers reality check, thank yous – The Business Journal of the Greater Triad Area: http://www. bizjournals. com/triad/stories/2004/04/26/smallb3. html Accessed, April 9, 2007. Bad Leadership: Antecedents and Prescriptions http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:nBXXeIOGawEJ:www. koreagsis. ac. kr/bbs/pds/Bad%2520Leadership%2520Colloquium_1. ppt+bad+leadership+effects+organisation&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=20&gl=pk Accessed, April 9, 2007 Cost of Poor Leadership Calculator http://www. ddiworld. com/imex/greatleadervalue. asp Dana Hinders, (Published June 21 2005) Michael Useem’s Leading Up: Upward Leadership In Action How To Lead Your Boss So Your Both Win Journal Article Dwyer Kevin , Journal article Poor Leadership; Poor Results. Emcc – Transforming organisations – the importance of leadership and culture in managing change http://eurofound. europa. eu/emcc/content/source/eu04006a. html? p1=reports&p2=null Accessed, April 9, 2007 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert I Sutton, (2000), journal article, The Half-Truth of Leadership. Stanford Business Magazine May 2006 http://www. gsb. stanford. edu/news/bmag/sbsm0605/feature_leadership. html Accessed, April 9, 2007 McLean Cari, October 18, 2005, journal article, strategic leadership: A superior state of mind. Tsun-yan Hsieh and Sara Yik, Journal article, Leadership as the Starting Point of Strategy Poor leadership pushes down banking profits http://www. management-issues. com/2006/8/24/research/poor-leadership-pushes-down-banking-profits. asp Accessed, April 9, 2007 What is Leadership? http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:q_XTVWqb68QJ:www. med. umich. edu/csp/Course%2520materials/Fall%25202005/Thorson_What%2520is%2520Leadership. ppt+definition:+leadership&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6&gl=pk. Accessed, April 9, 2007.

The Grinch Who Stole Christmas

The Grinch who stole Christmas can be explained using that Archetypal form of criticism. Archetypal criticism focuses on the use of mythology and takes on a very creative aspect to literature. In the Grinch who stole Christmas, the Grinch is the antagonist who possesses an active hatred towards Christmas and the citizens of Who-ville.There are many questionable sections in the poem that distinguish it as a myth rather than reality. To begin with, Santa Clause and the Grinch are characters of the imagination, used in a mythical sense and never brought to reality. Secondly, the author says â€Å"THENHe loaded some bags And some old empty sacks On a ramshakle sleigh And he hitched up old Max.†This means that the Grinch was intending to use his dog, max, as a reindeer. It would be physically impossible for a dog that small to hull around a sled filled with Christmas items for hours. Max was also expected to convoy the sleigh and heavy Christmas items â€Å"Three thousand feet up! Up the side of Mount Crumpit†, which is a physically impossible task for a dog. Thereafter, the Grinch was expected to climb in and out of chimneys all night, stealing Christmas presents as well as trees. This task is impossible, only one that a fictional character would be able to accomplish. Finally, the author says â€Å"That the Grinch's small heart Grew three sizes that day!† It would be impossible for a heart to grow and shrink based on the amount of love and care that is shown. As you can see, the Grinch was meant to be portrayed in a mythical sense. There are many flaws that do not occur with in reality. This poem is meant to be a myth to teach children not to be like the Grinch, and to love and accept everything.

Ancient art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient art - Research Paper Example The kind of art and culture that developed during this phase came to be known by the name of Cycladic Art. The next phase initiated around 1900 B.C.E. and continued its influence till 1375 B.C.E. This phase was known by the name of Minoan Art. The last cultural phase of the civilization was known by the name of Mycenaean Art and it developed and flourished between 1400 to 1100 B.C.E2. Since the evolution and unveiling of the Aegean civilisation and culture, the Aegean art has evolved out as a subject of obscurity. The first phase of the artistic movement or the trends inherent in the Cycladic art of the Aegean period are based on simple geometrical shapes. The prototype figurine of the Cycladic period represents a nude woman with a position where they fold their arms across their abdomen. These kinds of woman figurine have been widely discovered in graves and settlements equally. The sizes of the figures have also varied widely from few inches to almost life-like sizes which depict t he form of human body in a highly schematic manner. Simple triangles, large in size, dominate the form. The body of the idol projects out from the large head and is marked by broad shoulders to a decreasing width resulting in tiny feet. The pubis is present within the body in an incised form and also appears triangular in shape. For ages, there have been intense assumptions regarding the use of schematic large triangles in the female body and the use of the nude figurine for depicting a deceased person, based on the fact that many such Cycladic statues were discovered from graves. Even, the male statues as one discovered from the graves and settlements, appear with simple geometric shapes. Here also a typified figurine or form is noticed.... Since the evolution and unveiling of the Aegean civilisation and culture, the Aegean art has evolved out as a subject of obscurity. The first phase of the artistic movement or the trends inherent in the Cycladic art of the Aegean period are based on simple geometrical shapes. The prototype figurine of the Cycladic period represents a nude woman with a position where they fold their arms across their abdomen. These kinds of woman figurine have been widely discovered in graves and settlements equally. The sizes of the figures have also varied widely from few inches to almost life-like sizes which depict the form of human body in a highly schematic manner. Simple triangles, large in size, dominate the form. The body of the idol projects out from the large head and is marked by broad shoulders to a decreasing width resulting in tiny feet. The pubis is present within the body in an incised form and also appears triangular in shape. For ages, there have been intense assumptions regarding t he use of schematic large triangles in the female body and the use of the nude figurine for depicting a deceased person, based on the fact that many such Cycladic statues were discovered from graves. Even, the male statues as one discovered from the graves and settlements, appear with simple geometric shapes. Here also a typified figurine or form is noticed. Male statutes appear in a sitting posture and are depicted as musicians playing a Lyre for his self amusement or to entertain the deceased or people from after life.

Healthcare Qui Tam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Qui Tam - Term Paper Example Healthcare Qui Tam In Virginia, many hospitals were billing for outpatient procedures with codes kept for physician’s office visits rather than an outpatient procedure performed at the health center. Medicare pays a high rate for physician’s office appointments to mirror the cost of their operating cost (Warren & Benson Group, 2009). Hospitals obtain a separate facilities fee to settle the overhead cost. Therefore, the correct repayment rates for hospital outpatient services are lesser. The hospitals agreed to a payment of $3 million. A Pennsylvania hospital settled on paying a $2.7 million defrayal due to its upcoding fraud. The center was submitting claims for a multifaceted form of pneumonia when the accurate diagnosis showed a simpler form, which is compensated at a lower rate. The hospital decided to pay $500,000 for other upcodings with counterfeit claims for septicemia (Warren & Benson Group, 2009). A Florida hospital decided to pay $2,531,000 for issuing false claims for laser procedures executed as part of post cataract elimination surgery by demonstrating that the procedures were executed after the 39-day post-operative phase. It is also issued claims for actions, which were either never upcoded or rendered. Finally, they issued claims for two management services and evaluations per patient visit. Finally, a Hawaii doctor agreed to recompense a $2.1 million settlement for issuing false claims to Medicaid. The doctor operated a pharmacy in his hospital. The doctor billed Medicaid for providing expensive drugs when the clinic issued cheaper generic substitutes (Warren & Benson Group, 2009). ... A Florida hospital decided to pay $2,531,000 for issuing false claims for laser procedures executed as part of post cataract elimination surgery by demonstrating that the procedures were executed after the 39-day post-operative phase. It is also issued claims for actions, which were either never upcoded or rendered. Finally, they issued claims for two management services and evaluations per patient visit. Finally, a Hawaii doctor agreed to recompense a $2.1 million settlement for issuing false claims to Medicaid. The doctor operated a pharmacy in his hospital. The doctor billed Medicaid for providing expensive drugs when the clinic issued cheaper generic substitutes (Warren & Benson Group, 2009). Question 3 The following procedure could be used to admit a patient to a hospital, which upholds the law about the required number of Medicare and Medicaid referrals. Permission letter always should be issued before the admission of the person in the hospital (McCarty, 2008). The patient sho uld be given Pre-requisite permission for a medical procedure and not for general consultations. The beneficiary will be urged to furnish a photocopy of a valid CGHS card, a request letter from CGHS, or a photocopy of the specialist’s professional advice. After that, then the patient will be offered an admission memo. In case of a therapeutic emergency, the hospital accepted under CGHS, shall not refuse or deny admission or demand early deposit from the concerned patient. Nevertheless, the hospital accepted under CGHS, shall offer credit facilities to the respective patient on issuing of a valid CGHS card (McCarty, 2008). Rooted in the virtues of the case study on an

Self Assessment Analysis Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self Assessment Analysis - Speech or Presentation Example I had a problem of making eye contact with my audience ever since I started delivering as a public speaker. But after making gradual attempts of delivering speeches in front of my friends I have improved on the aspect of eye contact. I can now successfully look into the eyes of audience for a bit but then again I tend to feel some kind of problem when looking at the audience for long. Hence it can be said that the aspect of eye contact has improved but it still needs some work. The problem of nervousness when delivering speeches is the most formidable task to handle. It is because of this nervousness that I used to stutter when delivering my speeches. Over time I practiced my speeches and gave them in front of my close acquaintances so that I could work on the problem. When I delivered the speech in front of them I did not face any problem of nervousness whereas when I delivered the speech while being on the stage I began to face the same problem again. Thus it can be said that I hav e some kind of stage fear which can only go if I believe in myself. In other words I should build up on my self confidence level so that I can deliver in front of a huge crowd. Organization of speech is also an important perspective which should be kept in mind when delivering different speeches. It is this organization which helps the audience understands the root and theme of the speech being given. A public speaker should know how to organize and deliver the speech in accordance so that the audience can feel the theme provided by him. I have learned the art of organization and can easily use this skill to organize my speech accordingly. When I deliver my speech these days I tend to use this skill and impress my audience through this organization. When delivering a speech it is important that the public speaker connects himself to the audience so that they can understand what he is actually trying to convey through his speech. Connecting to the audience can be done through differe nt aspects out of which looking into the eyes is an important one. The audience should see my expression when I deliver the speech and this would help them to connect to my inner feelings. As a public speaker I have realized that I can connect to the audience and express my inner feelings to them. It is through this technique that the audience appreciates the speeches that I give. Although I have not mastered this aspect I have gained experience in utilizing the technique. However I still need to work on it and gain more experience so that I can connect fully to the audience when delivering my speech. All these aspects are not yet mastered by me but over time I have improved myself in all these aspects. Gradually with a little more practice I believe that I would be able to master them and successfully deliver as a public speaker. I need to learn more techniques regarding speaking and have to take guidelines from experienced public speakers. I need to learn different ways through wh ich I would be able to successfully deliver a speech like professional public speakers and for such a thing I need to

Mental models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mental models - Essay Example Basically, these mental models are ideas and beliefs that people instinctively or intentionally acquires from their experiences and which consequently influence their behavior and mindset (Uitdewilligen, Waller, & Pitariu, 2013). These images of recognized reality inform individuals of cause and effect, and push them to predict specific outcomes, interpret occurrences, and prompt them to act in specific ways. However, mental models can be both an advantage and a disadvantage, particularly with regard to perceiving other people. This essay discusses how mental models both assist and limit an individual’s perception of people they will meet for the first time. Individuals all have assumptions about other people. These assumptions guide individuals in a variety of ways. They assist individuals in anticipating and interpreting the behavior of other people. Assumptions about others are also helpful when an individual has to give a description of another person. Yet, the main import ance of a mental model is its capacity to help individuals conduct their interactions with other people (Young, 2011). People’s assumptions about other people have significant impact in their daily lives. ... In the real world, people obviously do not have the luxury of time to get to know all the people they meet personally. According to Senge (2010), mental models help individuals make decisions and anticipate how other people will act in specific circumstances instantly. The usefulness of mental models becomes pronounced in a culturally diverse organization (Matteson, 2013). For instance, a senior executive in a multinational company is urgently looking for a new project manager. The applicants come from different racial backgrounds, and the senior executive is assigned to interview each of these applicants. He is meeting all these applicants for the first time. His mental models of various racial groups will definitely influence his choice. These mental models will guide his decision of who to hire for the position of project manager. Mental models are valuable tools in unfamiliar situations and circumstances requiring quick decisions. These mental models can also be useful in instanc es where an individual will be meeting another person from a different culture. These mental models may guide an individual’s behavior or attitude toward another person. Having an assumption of one’s culture helps create a meaningful and respectful interaction between individuals of different cultures (Lundquist & Jarvella, 2000); for instance, if person A, an Australian, will meet person B, a Japanese, for the first time it would be helpful if person A assumes that Japanese, unlike Australians, are not straightforward people. This assumption will help person A conduct a harmonious, polite conversation with person B. Even in business negotiations, mental models of individual characteristics and culture may help resolve conflict and make personal and cultural

National Institute of Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Institute of Health - Essay Example And they are more inconsistent, affected by momentary events and dominated by objects in their immediate environment". However, when every function of the child is predominated by such behaviour then it is time to take cognizance. (Barkley, Russell. A, 1998). This disorder was first described by Heinrich Hoffman in 1845. A child with this affliction will either be hyperactive or will seem to be always lost in a brown study. The main causes for this disease are supposed to be neurobiological and genetic. A possible correlation between the use of alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy has been established by various studies. (Stock, Margaret, n.d). The hormone epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), is released during stressful situations producing an increased heart rate and increased blood flow to the muscles. Stimulants act similarly by increasing the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. In addition they also act on the limbic system that reward behaviours like sexual intercourse, eating and drinking or in other words actions that are beneficial to the continuation of the species. These are normally accompanied by positive sensations due to increased levels of dopamine in the limbic system. Stimulants mimic this activity but at a much more enhanced level producing euphoric sensations by directly increasing dopamine level

A critical discussion of the role of organisational memory on Essay

A critical discussion of the role of organisational memory on innovation - Essay Example ith implementation; the more innovative a function, the thinner the time gap between creating and executing, planning and creating, or conceptualizing and applying. Researchers have identified innovation as a variation from current customs or understanding (Mooner & Miner, 1997, p. 95). As advancement involves some level of design or plan, it is believed that is a type of innovation. Nonetheless, it is just one type of innovation. For instance, if an organization innovates a fresh technique to store chemicals by analyzing its requirements, collecting details, planning the fresh storage utility, receiving proposals, and ultimately creating it, the organization has innovated. In addition, innovative activities may involve quite different levels of improvement; a very huge percentage or comparatively tiny percentage of the activities may be novel. Some level of innovation is necessary for an activity to meet the chronological order classification due to its stress on plan or design of activity. These concerns propose a fine connection between innovation and organizational memory. On the other hand, they as well mean that treating them as the same could decrease the capability to appreciate the particular concerns of chronological order by confusing level of organizational memory with level of innovation. Clarifying these differences highlights the notion that the â€Å"proposed definition makes no predictions or assumptions in and of itself regarding the consequences of innovation† Mooner and Miner, 1997, p. 96). This makes innovation more helpful as a study field, because it is then possible to hypothesize as well as check ideas regarding the situations in which innovation is and is not important. It is argued here that organizational memory signifies one of the major determinants of the environment of innovative endings. One thing that is clear with respect to organizational innovation is the effect of earlier practices as well as understanding of the innovating

Law Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law Problem - Essay Example Jean-Guy Tremblay as the respondent. The judges present at the hearing were Brian Dickson C.J. and Lamer, Wilson, Gerard La Forest, Claire, L'Heureux-Dube, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory and McLachlin The Facts The parties in this case were in a relationship which ended after five months of cohabitation. This was because of the beating which Tremblay used to hand Daigle, despite knowing of her pregnancy. At the time of separation, the appellant was 18 weeks pregnant. She, however, decided to undertake an abortion following the separation. The respondent sought an injunction from the court seeking to prevent the mother from having the abortion. The father of the unborn child wanted the court to grant his unborn child right to life. The trial judge in this court found that a foetus is a "human being" under the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. He therefore concluded that the foetus should be accorded a "right to life" under s. 1 (Tremblay, para. 2). Through considering this, the ju dge ruled that the respondent had the necessary â€Å"interest† to make the request for an injunction. The Quebec charter of human rights and freedoms provides for the protection of a foetus before birth (Art. 945). In this article, mechanisms for the protection of a foetus are provided. The article does not, however, accord any additional rights and freedoms to the foetus. The Supreme Court considered these facts before rendering a decision on the appeal. The Anglo- Canadian law does recognize a foetus to be a â€Å"human being† with the aim of protecting its future. It however, goes ahead to define that the rights and freedoms enjoyed by humans can only be accorded to a foetus when it is born alive. This meant that the foetus had to be born first for it to enjoy the privileges enjoyed by other â€Å"humans†. The father at this point was seeking to protect the unborn baby. The foetus is not in a position to defend itself in a court of law. The protection of a f oetus can only be done by a third party who has an interest in the future of the baby. The lower court based its ruling on the fact that the father had interest on the baby and was acting as a third party to protect the foetus. The ruling by a lower court awarding the respondent in this Supreme Court case injunction is what led to the appeal. The court of appeal, however, dismissed the appellant’s case and upheld the injunction that had been earlier awarded. Ms. Daigle, the appellant, then went on and appealed in the Supreme Court. Before the Supreme Court made its decision, she left the province of Quebec and went to the United States of America to terminate the pregnancy. Prior proceedings In the Quebec superior court, the father was the plaintiff while the mother was defendant. The father sought injunction to bar the mother from having an abortion. The court concluded that a foetus is a â€Å"human being† under the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. It the refore should enjoy a â€Å"right to life† and a â€Å"right to assistance† under ss. 1 and 2 respectively. While recognizing the inconvenience that would be caused by the injunction, the court decided the foetus’ rights should prevail in the situation (Tremblay, para. 3 & 4). The defendant appealed to the Quebec court of appeal and the case was dismissed for two reasons. First,

Are Public Protests in Public Places Effective Ways of Bringing Change Essay

Are Public Protests in Public Places Effective Ways of Bringing Change - Essay Example It was the largest ever seen demonstration in the capital that attracted over 250,000 people and one of the first to have extensive television coverage. The Cairo’s Tahrir Square, which was a protest against the country’s leadership, that is, revolution against former President Hosni Mubarak and his regime. The two events are memorable as they have some similarities and differences depicting the nature of public protests in the past and recent years. The two events being the best examples of public protest, indicating that public protest in public places can be an effective way of bringing change to the people. The atmosphere and conditions that led to the protest of Civil Rights March (Washington DC 1963) started way back in 1950s and 1960s where the civil rights movement in the United States was for political, legal, and social struggle to gain citizenship rights for black Americans and to achieve equality. A racial unrest of civil demonstrations was sparked off by th e police action in Birmingham, Alabama that had media coverage showing how dogs and fire horses were turned against protestors who were still young in their early teens (ABC, 2005). In The Tahrir Square (Cairo 2011) protest, around the year 2005 and 2006 after the re-election of Mubarak opposition started to demand for political changes. The protests were however, started because of a June 2010 incident in which a young man Khaled Said was allegedly beaten by police. This is the same period that there was unrest in Tunisia and protests in Egypt has been linked to this protest too. The high levels of unemployment of black people, the persistence racial segregation, the poor and minimal wages at their jobs, the disenfranchisement of many African Americans, and the slow or lack of any meaningful reforms by earlier protests led to this march of 1963. This led to demands for the passage of a meaningful and comprehensive civil rights legislation, the protection against police brutality on the protestors, and the ending of cultural separation in public schools. Further, it led to enactment of laws that prohibits racial unfairness in public and private hiring, a major program for public-works to provide jobs for the black Americans, a 2 dollar an hour minimum wage, and the call for a self government for the District of Columbia which had a black majority (Anheier, 2004). In the 2011 Egyptian protests, it were mainly for political and legal issues including; the main issue being the end of President Hosni Mubarak’s regime, uncontrolled corruption, lack of freedom of speech and free elections, economical issues including high unemployment, police brutality, food price inflation, state of emergency laws, and low minimum wages. More than 250,000 demonstrators descended upon the nation’s capital to participate in the march of Washington for â€Å"Jobs and Freedom† on August 28, 1963. The protest began with a rally at Washington Monument where several c elebrities and musicians performed and the protests became a collective celebration too. This was one of the largest demonstrations by various civil rights organizations in United States showing their unity in agitation for Jobs and freedom. The participants went from National Mall to the Memorial which was a mile long away. At the Lincoln Memorial, there was a three-hour long program, which included speeches from prominent civil rights and religious leaders. The two outstanding speeches came from came from John Lewis and Martin Luther King, Jr. The march was

Teacher & school Essay Example for Free

Teacher school Essay The positive and negative behaviors exhibited by teachers determine, to a great extent, their effectiveness in the classroom and, ultimately, the impact they have on student achievement. Several specific characteristics of teacher responsibilities and behaviors that contribute directly to effective teaching are listed for each of the following categories: ï‚ · The teacher as a person ï‚ · Classroom management and organization ï‚ · Organizing and orienting for instruction ï‚ · Implementing instruction ï‚ · Monitoring student progress and potential ï‚ · Professionalism Red flags signaling ineffective teaching are presented at the end of each section. Both positive and negative characteristics are based on a plethora of research-based studies that address the concept of improving the educational system for both students and teachers. These qualities are general for any content area or grade level. Subject-specific qualities presented for the four content areas typically found in all schools includ THE TEACHER AS A PERSON. The teacher is the representative of the content and the school. How a teacher presents himself makes an impression on administrators, colleagues, parents, and students. Often a student links the preference to a particular subject to a teacher and the way the subject was taught. A teacher who exudes enthusiasm and competence for a content area may transfer those feelings to the students. In addition, how the teacher relates to the pupils has an impact on the students’ experience in the class. The teacher’s personality is one of the first sets of characteristics to look for in an effective teacher. Many aspects of effective teaching can be cultivated, but it is difficult to effect change in an individual’s personality. A. Positive Qualities  Ã¯â€š · Assumes ownership for the classroom and the students’ success ï‚ · Uses personal experiences as examples in teaching,

Operations Management at Walmart

Operations Management at Walmart The companys originator was Sam Walton. He was born in 1918 at Oklahoma. In 1940, he worked for the prominent retailer, J C Penney. Walton gave up the job and settled on to set up his own retail store. He acquired a store franchise in Arkansas. Offering momentous markdowns on prices, he became triumphant and attained a second store in 3 years. By 1969, Walton had instituted 18 Wal-Mart stores. By late 1970s, the retail chain had ascertained a pharmacy and an auto service center. In 1980s, Wal-Mart sustained to nurture due to colossal customer stipulates in small towns. Wal-Mart was offering low prices, customer contentment assurance, and hours that were pragmatic for the way people wanted to shop. Wal-Mart endured a setback in 1992, when Walton died. But it prolonged its augmentation in the 1990s, focusing on out of the country stores. This unparalleled growth of Wal-Mart is featured to its continued hub on customer necessitates and reducing cost through proficient supply chain manag ement practices. In the early 1970s, Wal-Mart became one of the first retailing companies in the world to integrate its distribution system, ground-breaking the retail hub-and-spoke system. Under the system, goods were centrally arranged, assembled at a gigantic warehouse, known as allocation center (hub), from where they were transmitted to the individual stores (spoke). The hub and spoke system facilitated Wal-Mart to accomplish momentous cost advantages by the centralized purchasing of goods in titanic quantities. Wal-Mart underlined the need to trim down purchasing costs and offer the unsurpassed price to the customer. The company directly acquired from manufacturers, by passing all intermediaries. Supply chain management (SCM) of Wal-Mart is an expanded managing focus that mulls over the amalgamated impression of all the companies engrossed in the fabrication of goods and services, from suppliers to manufacturers to wholesalers to retailers to decisive consumers and afar to dumping and reprocessing. This approach to managing assembly and logistics systems presupposes all companies engaged in the progression of delivering goods to consumers are part of an arrangement, conduit, or supply chain. It includes everything necessitated to gratify customers and includes shaping which products they will purchase, how to create them, and how to transport them. The supply chain philosophy makes certain that customers obtain the precise products at the correct time at a satisfactory price and at the preferred location (Bethany, 2009) Mounting antagonism, intricacy, and geographical extent in the business world have led to this widened reach and continuing up gradations in the capabilities of the personal computer have made the optimization of supply chain performance probable. Electronic mail and the Internet have transfigured interaction and data exchange, facilitating the vital flow of information between the companies in the supply chain. Wal-Mart announced increases in catalog turns, decreases in out-of-stock happenings, and a replacement cycle that has moved from weeks to days to hours. A rudimentary assumption of Wal-Marts supply chain management is to view the system of facilities, progressions, and people that acquire raw materials, renovate them into products, and ultimately assign them to the customer as a chain, rather than a cluster of separates, but somewhat unified tasks. The significance of this incorporation cannot be exaggerated because the links of the chain are the means to achieving the objective. Every company has a supply chain, but not every company administers their supply chain as Wal-Mart for tactical advantage (Charles, 2006) In the midst of Wal-Marts supply chain management, information systems, procedures, attempts, and suggestions are assimilated across all functions of the intact supply chain. Supply chains befall more multifaceted as goods flow from more than one supplier to more than one industrialized and distribution site. The likelihood of outside sources for purposes like gathering and packaging are also alternatives in the chain. The fundamental tasks of Wal-Mart do not modify, regardless of whether or not it observes supply chain management. Suppliers are still entailed to supply material, manufacturing still creates, distribution still delivers, and customers still acquire. All of the customary functions of a company still take place. The definitive difference in a company that administers its supply chain is their focus shifts from what goes on within each of the links, to include the associations between the links. Any disruption to the supply chain connections affects the complete chain. The snowballing supply chain effect of improbability can be seen in this example. Suppose a producer of integrated circuit boards receives a consignment of poor condition silicon. Because the producer is reliant on its supplier for timely consignments, the deprived quality lot results in a shipment impediment to one of its customers. The computer producer is forced to shut down its line because constituent circuit boards are not accessible. As a consequence, computer shipments to Wal-Mart are late. Finally, the customer goes to Wal-Mart to acquire a new computer but is incapable to find the desired brand. Aggravated, the customer settles to buy the product of a opponent. Contemplate too, the timing involved in this procedure. Because of fabrication and hauling lead times, the authentic acknowledgement of the poor quality silicon possibly occurred some months before the customer made a computer possession (Nels on, 2010) An extensive diversity of events occurs in the Wal-Marts supply chain that essentially fickle. Suppliers can make premature or tardy deliveries. Customers can amplify, dwindle, or even call off orders. New-fangled customers can place substantial orders. Apparatus or means of transportation can collapse. Employees can get unwell, go on walkout, and renounce Supplier consignments or manufactured products can have value problems. Earlier, Wal-Mart practiced for insecurity and perked up their levels of customer satisfaction by permitting inventory levels to augment. This is no longer a suitable solution. High inventories interpret to increased carrying costs and jeopardizes of obsolescence that can limit a Wal-Marts suppleness. During the supply chain, array is customarily generated and held at many locations. Any time a segment of that inventory can be trimmed down or eradicated; Wal-Mart lessens costs and enhances productivity. Curbing the length of time it takes to shift a product from one link of the chain to the next also abbreviates the cycle time of the whole chain and thereby increases competitiveness and customer contentment. Low cost stratagem is centered on the capacity of Wal-Mart to manufacture and distribute merchandise of cutthroat quality at inferior costs. Cost leadership strategy is much more than cost reduction initiatives that get lot of eminence in strategic planning and evaluate session of any company as a means to perk up the bottom line of a company by improving its competence. Wal-Mart uses their proficient cost structures to shield their market from the competitors by reacting to competitors move of making in-roads in the market space by plummeting prices. Such imprudent response may make Wal-Mart principally inward spotlighted. Improved way to tactically situation Wal-Mart on the pro of cost is to boost market share by converting from lowest cost producer to lowest cost supplier of products. This way Wal-Mart decodes its cost advantage into price gain for its consumers and thereby advances the market share. The panorama of escalating the market share endows with a huge prospect for the company to influence the economies of scale paired with the hardnosed cost cutting gauges it sketches to accomplish. More the aggressive space it occupies which also connotes that more competitors eradicated more effectual are economies of scale and as a consequence the costs are driven still lesser. When Wal-Mart is able to convert the endeavors of cost reduction into cost advantage for customers the company can be said to be lucratively pursuing low cost leadership strategy. Wal-Mart is one company that incessantly struggles to cut costs and in the market place it has got the representation of supplier of products at the buck prices. This is how Wal-Mart incarcerates the markets and purges the competitors and progresses revenues and market share. Economies of scale and competence form the nucleus around which Wal-Mart implements its strategy. Wal-Mart pursuing cost leadership evaluates each and every commotion along their value chain with competitors and is committed to outshine them. Innovation in Wal-Mart is focused on process augmentations (both incremental and quantum) rather than on artifacts (new product development). In fact companies pursuing cost leadership strategy aim mass markets with established products. The cost leaders today by and large miss out on one imperative aspect. They classically muse on conveying a product of bloodthirsty quality at the lowly cost and pass on part of the cutbacks to customers. They are so fixated with costs and pricing that seldom do they dismember the customer value proposition. This is a forthcoming area that may supply yet another cost reduction prospect and at the same time magnetize prospective customers from an alcove segment. Wal-Mart when it evaluates the value proposition that it proffers adjacent to the characteristics that customers really give significance, novel insights and opportunities may inaugurate. Such a study may disclose some features on which the company may be sustaining ample disbursement and yet the customers do not care about the fastidious facet or facility. Cutting on such frills may be of assistance in improving the bottom line. But cuts on frills accompanied by plunge on factors where companys offering is less than the customers anticipations provides an exceptional prospect for financial prudence and serving augmented value to the customers, which may represent customers from exterior to the current marketplace space, just on the periphery of niche segments. Most admired no frills strategy is followed by Wal-Mart which based its stratagem on clear indulging of the segment of customers it satisfies. All sources consent the underlying focus of supply chain management begins by accepting the customer, their worth, and obligations. This includes internal customers of Wal-Mart and the ultimate customer as well. Wal-Mart must hunt to know accurately what the customer anticipates from the product or service and must then hub their endeavors on summiting these expectations. The procedure of suppliers must be paralleled with the buying progression of the customer. Even functioning measurements must be customer driven, because the conduct of the final customer eventually controls the actions of the intact supply chain (Al Norman, 2004) Another prerequisite is improved information flow. Wal-Mart must spend in the technology that will grant access to better amounts of appropriate information. Information makes it probable to move to more immediate merchandise replacement and permit all parties in the chain to react swiftly to all changes. Information assists the decisions of the supply chain such as assessment and examination of options. Information flow is solution to the visibility of the product as it streams through the supply chain. The elasticity and modification required is often complex for Wal-Mart and their employees. It is however, the capacity to clinch essential changes that will position a company to take benefit of supply chain management. Because the supply chain is a vigorous entity, Wal-Mart is advised to systemize for change. They must foresee confrontation and be prepared to deal with it. Preparing the concepts of supply chain management will assist in this attempt. Furthermore, as with any organization change, the new ideas must be sustained and held by all levels of management of Wal-Mart (John Dicker, 2005) Self checkout machines offer a mechanism for customers to pay for procurements from a retailer without unswerving input to the method by the retailers staff. They are a substitute to the conventional cashier-staffed checkout. . The advantage to the customer is in the lessened checkout time because stores are frequently able to competently run two to six self checkout units where it normally would have had one cashier. Some customers welcome the skill not to have to deal with anyone. Self checkout may create a delusion of confidentiality and anonymity, when in fact the self checkout attendant can follow the progress of customers on all machines via a separate workstation known as a RAP (Remote Attendant Post). The customer pays and dispatches with a receipt at the checkout kiosk. The reliability of the system is preserved through the use of random inspections or RFID. Theft on these services is reduced by a mixture of a high blockade to entry, and infrequent audits of customers shoppi ng, where customers chosen at arbitrary are taken to a specialized till and have their shopping scanned in the customary way

Impact of Shock on the Body

Impact of Shock on the Body Steve Powell It is important to understand by what is meant by shock. Shock in a physiological is a life threatening condition, and must be taken lightly. Shock as a definition is: â€Å"failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs†. (1) Mitch Taylor. (2010). Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Available: http://acls4u.homestead.com/MultOrganDysfunctionSyndromeVoiceOver.pdf. Last accessed 01/06/2014 Shock comes used to be classified as separate types: Cardiogenic Hypovolaemic Anaphylactic Neurogenic Toxic Recently this has been condensed in three types: Cardiogenic Hypovolaemic Distributive The definitions of these types of shock are: Cardiogenic –pump failure resulting in the blood cannot get to where it’s supposed to go i.e. the tissues, hence a low cardiac output. Hypovolaemic –a low volume of blood in the body as a result of major trauma or massive haemorrhage Distributive (Vasogenic) –this type of shock relates to changes in the body’s blood vessels, vascular changes, as a result of Anaphylactic, Neurogenic or toxic insult on the body.(2) Mitch Taylor. (2010). Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Available: http://acls4u.homestead.com/MultOrganDysfunctionSyndromeVoiceOver.pdf. Last accessed 01/06/2014 In Cardiogenic shock we have ascertained that it is down to pump failure and the bodies in ability to circulate adequate blood around the body to meet its metabolic needs. We have seen that it can be caused by a low cardiac output that is caused by, massive haemorrhage trough trauma or pathophysiological reason (dissected aortic aneurysm). It can also be caused by: a myocardial infarction (heart attack), dysrhythmias, and heart failure. A second cause is obstruction to the pump flow, that is to say conditions such as: valve dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, and tamponade (pericardial effusion that effects the normal action of the heart in pumping). Question 1 cont†¦. Hypovolaemic shock as the name suggests is â€Å"low volume†, causes range from massive haemorrhage through trauma or pathophysiological reasons (triple A). Burns victims are at particular risk as it affects these types of patients at a cellular level, the loss of fluid out of vascular spaces. Technically shock in burns victims a combination of distributive and hypovolaemic shock. In as much as it is seen as volume depletion within the intravascular system, lowered pulmonary artery pressure and an elevated systemic resistance, resulting in a low cardiac output. The low cardiac output is a direct result of an increased after load, a reduced contractility, and a lowered level of plasma volume. (3) Barbara A. Latenser, MD, FACS. (2009). Critical care of the burn patient: The first 48 hours Society of critical and medicine. 37 (10), p2819-p2826 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or MODS as it’s also known is a condition where two or more of the body’s systems have failed. MODS can be described as a â€Å"systemic activation of an adaptive host stress response to a catastrophic event†. (4) Sat Sharma and Gregg Eschun (2008) Hypotension and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Journal of Organ Dysfunction 4 (1), p130-p144 Once a state of prolonged shock has been induced an over the top bodily response takes place. This is known as a â€Å"systemic inflammatory response†. Once this stage has started, the body releases inflammatory mediators that are intrinsic to the pathogenesis of SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Where sepsis is not a key trigger, hypotension through hypovolaemic will contribute to the onset of SIRS and eventually MODS. The combination of these three conditions, Sepsis, SIRS, and MODS, combine conditions that have a massive impact on haemodynamic abnormalities, coagulation problems, and systemic issues.(5) Sat Sharma and Gregg Eschun (2008) Hypotension and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Journal of Organ Dysfunction 4 (1), p130-p144 Any insult to the body and normal function (haemostasis) will initiate a cycle of metabolic chaos that includes an increase for oxygen versus an inadequate supply at a molecular level. Question 1 cont Inadequate blood supply to the tissues and cells in hypovolaemic shock and associated hypotension is the key to MODS in this instance. (6) Mitch Taylor. (2010). Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Available: http://acls4u.homestead.com/MultOrganDysfunctionSyndromeVoiceOver.pdf. Last accessed 01/06/2014 What we can say about the timeline for MODS is: The event that starts the cascade off, infection, hypoxia, trauma, in our case hypovolaemic shock via traumatic infarct trauma. Increase in levels of cytokines (immune system signalling cells). Leads to a release of ELAM and ICAM that induce leukocyte adhesion. This in turn triggers a multiple release of chemicals and compounds resulting in endothelial damage Resulting oedema eventually leading to organ dysfunction. Word count 611 References Mitch Taylor. (2010). Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Available: http://acls4u.homestead.com/MultOrganDysfunctionSyndromeVoiceOver.pdf. Last accessed 01/06/2014 Mitch Taylor. (2010). Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Available: http://acls4u.homestead.com/MultOrganDysfunctionSyndromeVoiceOver.pdf. Last accessed 01/06/2014 Barbara A. Latenser, MD, FACS. (2009). Critical care of the burn patient: The first 48 hours Society of critical and medicine. 37 (10), p2819-p2826 Sat Sharma and Gregg Eschun (2008) Hypotension and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Journal of Organ Dysfunction 4 (1), p130-p144 Sat Sharma and Gregg Eschun (2008) Hypotension and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Journal of Organ Dysfunction 4 (1), p130-p144 Mitch Taylor. (2010). Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Available: http://acls4u.homestead.com/MultOrganDysfunctionSyndromeVoiceOver.pdf. Last accessed 01/06/2014 Reflection As far as a reflective piece of work goes, I find myself having to reflect on skills that I learnt 10 years ago and have been employing on a regular basis. Although reflection should take place on a regular basis, it is never too late to reflect on things. Even though the skills were learnt 10 years ago there is 10 years scope to develop bad habits if not identified and rectified. The four skills in question inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation form part of the primary and secondary surveys for healthcare professionals worldwide. The initial primary survey should take seconds. I can remember when I first started doing patient inspections/assessments, it would be very text book orientated, not a bad thing you would have thought. However when you’ve exhausted all the text book questions you suddenly come to stand still and there is a period of silence then between yourself and the patient and sometimes the relatives. What I started to do, on the advice of a colleague, was, as i approached the patient I would assess their â€Å"colour posture and behaviour†. These three things would give me an idea of the state of the patient. If the patient answered the door and looked well and was ambulatory (as happens) then I would be off to a fairly good start. The patient had spoken to me (airway was clear); they looked well perfused and were mobile, no obvious life threatening conditions. If for instance the patient answered the door and was pale, sweaty, breathless and complained of chest pain then that would put a completely different slant on the primary survey. The patient would then have to be sat down immediately and further cardiac assessment undertaken. So by employing this little method (colour, posture, and behaviour) I was able, at a glance to do a quick assessment of the patient. Other aspects, such as scene safety etc†¦. soon became second nature as was the ability to do rapid risk assessments at the scene’s of RTC’s and other scene’s where there may be hazardous. There is a lot to take into consideration when carrying out an assessment, it is however a rolling concept where you question as you asses or treat. For non life threatening conditions then there no need to rush and miss your history taking, if you stick to the AMPLE model of: Allergies Medicine Past medical history Last meal/oral intake Events that lead to calling 999. These questions are limited and can take 1-2 minutes to ask and be answered. This is where you can expand on the history take and delve further in to the patient’s medical, social, familial history. When I first qualified I was encouraged by work colleagues to use all my extended skills. The auscultation side of the assessment was a little difficult at first because I just didn’t know what I was listening for; it wasn’t long before we started getting quite a few patients with respiratory problems. This enabled me to match the condition with what I was listening to. I remember also listening to chest sounds on the internet, a useful exercise, but not like the real thing. One thing that stick s out, and is still relevant o this day, is that its well and good listening to chest sounds on the computer and in the back of a relatively quiet ambulance, that it is at the side of a road with traffic rushing by and the sound of the fire services generators going at full tilt. Auscultation is a tool that I use frequently in my patient assessment. The percussion side of my assessment, I have to be honest and say that I do it for respiratory cases and trauma cases, but not for every patient that I see. It’s probably an area where i could do with more practise if I’m being hypercritical. Would I know a hyper/hypo-resonant chest? I believe so, however if I were to do a SWOT analysis then this would probably be in my weak box. Palpation I tend to use a lot more, whether it is because I get far more abdominal calls than critical chest’s I don’t know. The fact remains that I use palpation far more than percussion. Palpation is an extremely useful tool in the ballpark when it comes to abdominal complaints. However what I have learnt about abdominal related problems over the years, is that, as well as not being in my scope of practise to diagnose and discharge (without referring to a gp first), more analytical tools are needed. Tools such a doctor, ultrasound and bloods to name (various other scans can be utilised at DGH). Looking back or reflecting over the past 10 years, I feel i took on board the training that I received both EMT and Paramedic, and have built on them to a point where I more than comfortable treating an 80 year old gentleman in his living room with chronic emphysema to a road traffic collision where it’s quite a challenging environment. I have however identified a possible weakness in my practise that I will be address at the soonest opportunity.

The House of Seven Gables as a Gothic Novel Essay -- House of the Seve

The House of Seven Gables as a Gothic Novel      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be a paradigm of a Gothic novel, The House of Seven Gables needs to include many elements, all which center on the ideas of gloom, horror, and mystery. The action of a Gothic novel takes place in a "run-down, abandoned or occupied, mansion or castle," which often include secret passages, doors, and compartments (Encarta). The mansion also adds its own flavor and variety to the atmosphere of mystery and suspense in the novel by providing a dark and gloomy setting where the story takes place. The basis of mystery and suspense in the atmosphere of the novel feeds off of "an unexplained or supernatural event" in the present or from past generations (Harris). The unexplained event in the novel is a result of ancient prophecy in connection with the history of the mansion, or the earlier generations, and explains the negative vicissitude in future present generations. The ancient prophecy sometimes only provides the reader with "partial or confusing" informa tion or only provides one side of the story, thus presenting and even stronger feeling of mystery in the novel (Harris). Bad omens and visions of death also occur to foreshadow the misfortune of a character in the novel in the near future. The use of omens as foreshadowing devices also develops and presents additional suspense to the already mysterious plot. Along with omens, supernatural events also appear in a Gothic novel to add mystery and include: "ghosts, giants, or inanimate objects coming to life" (Harris). The supernatural events continue to add the atmosphere of suspense and even horror to the Gothic novel. In a Gothic novel, a "tyrannical male" usually threatens a weak female, adding an elemen... ...n and fulfills the last criteria in presenting the House of Seven Gables as a Gothic novel.    The use of the elements of mystery, suspense, and horror in the House of Seven Gables creates the atmosphere common to a Gothic novel. The use of the supernatural and other mysterious events, in the House of Seven Gables, also compose the elements present in Gothic Literature. By presenting the elements through the setting and plot, The House of Seven Gables contains all requirements of a Gothic novel, claiming its spot in dark halls of the Gothic literature genre.    Works Cited "Gothic Literature." Encarta Encyclopedia: Microsoft. 2nd Ed. 1998. Harris, Robert. Vanguard University of Southern California Gothic Literature Page. 20 November 2000. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The House of Seven Gables. New York: Dover Publications, 1999.   

Oedipus the King and Maslows Pyramid :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus the King and Maslow's Pyramid      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People have long considered general theories of motivation, and the question regarding the specific motives that direct and energize our human behavior has undergone tremendous speculation. To this day the question still stands: what is it that humans seek most in life? In an effort to answer this question, Abraham Maslow proposed what he called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow theorizes that human beings are motivated to fulfill this hierarchy, which consists of needs ranging from those that are basic for survival up to those that promote growth and self-enhancement (Kassin 300).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the base of the hierarchy are the physiological needs of human beings. This level consists of a human's need for food, water, oxygen, sleep, and sex. Homeless people are at this level of the hierarchy because their concern is in obtaining those things necessary for survival. Once an individual has met these needs, they begin to seek steady work, financial security, stability at home, and a predictable environment. This level consists of overachievers and workaholics. People such as this are so concerned with their income that they do not feel that the amount of time they work is sufficient enough. If an individual meets all of these needs, then that person has obtained their general need for safety. Once human beings have obtained safety, they strive to fulfill their social needs. At this level humans concern themselves with affiliation, belongingness and love, affection, close relationships, family ties, and group membership. This is a particularly crucial lev el because if these needs are not met, then humans feel an overwhelming sense of loneliness and alienation. All the needs for love having been met, an individual seeks social status, respect, recognition, achievement, and power. All of these needs combine to fulfill an individual's need for esteem, and failing to satisfy this need, an individual endures a sense of inferiority and a lack of importance. All human beings are placed at one of these four levels, striving to satisfy the needs at that level. If there comes a time in which an individual has obtained all of the needs on the hierarchy, that person becomes ready, willing, and able to strive for self-actualization. According to Maslow, self-actualization is a distinctly human need to fulfill one's potential. As Maslow himself states, "A musician must make music, and artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is ultimately to be at peace with himself.

Parent - Teenager Relationships :: essays research papers

Parents are fragile things. There is a very fine line between approval and disapproval with most parents. No teenager I know ever seems to do anything right by their mum or dad. My mother always nags me to do things like clean my teeth, tidy my room, do my homework blah blah†¦. It's probably the same with many other teenagers out there. When asked why parents nag they often say "it's for your own good" or something equally insane. These comments rate right up there with "because I said so" and "because I'm your father or because I'm your mother" It is, in fact, very easy to judge if a particular child is or isn't nagged. If I were to take my friend Doug for example, I could very easily say that his mother didn't nag him much at all. This is because he simply does what he likes. I mean, who does the right thing when nobody cares if you don't? Now take myself, I have had more than my fare share of nagging in my time. How do you know? Well, everything I am was shaped by my mother. She is an epitome of understanding, a wealth of knowledge and of course I have inherited the other traits like beauty and genetic perfection. I know I certainly hate being nagged. If my mum gets on my nerves I'd say just about anything to shut her up sometimes. Have a look at Josephine in the novel "Looking for Alibrandi" and compare her to her mother. Jose may absolutely hate her mother sometimes but at others be unable to live without her presence. I don't think that Jose could ever imagine her mother being in the same position as her. What I don't understand is if our parents have been through this themselves, then why do they have such a hard time understanding why their children often hate them for the same reasons? My main point is that if our parents have resented their parents for the way

Book Review- Power of Professionalism

The Power of Professionalism The thought around which the entire conversation revolves it that â€Å"Professionalism Matters† and it is not about mulling over on making people smarter but â€Å"About using better discretion. † Wiersma's says that professionalism can be used to: 1. Drive organizations to higher levels of performance for their stakeholders. 2. Drive inner efforts to the superior performance of any organization. 3. Decrease the dysfunctional aspect of organizational conflict and politics. 4. Open up imagination among all silos and between organizations and their customers and partners. 5. Allow employees to find larger meanings in their work and to see the value and recognition of their contributions. All of these are also recognized as the benefits of the Social Organization and that really good things can happen with true partnership and simple communication. The lecture had me shake myself at the irony that `professionalism' has been restricted from taking its fair place as the foundation in the so-called `world of accomplishment'. Power of Professionalism in Bill’s language means that there is a huge potential for optimism and change amongst individuals which would let people to grow and revolutionize as group, which might not be possible for one person. The Book also talks about ‘Trust’ and how it can change, provoke and engage a group of people within an organization to elevate their standards, raise their hopes and work toward a common goal without seeking individual benefit in today’s competitive environment. Hence, Professionalism when wrapped onto a company's foundation has encouraging implications.

A Second Chance Essay

It was my chance to prove myself; I was about to go out there and audition for a talent show through singing and playing the piano. I was so sure that I would do it, since I knew the judges personally and they were already aware that I had the talent. I haven’t actually practiced the song as much as I was supposed to, but I was certain that I would know it properly since I have practiced before several times. I was waiting for my turn, and while I was waiting, I was starting to get nervous and tense about the whole thing. When I was up, I took a deep breath and started playing the song. The first thing I did wrong was mix up the notes. The first time was excused as it was thought to be normal and that everyone makes mistakes. The second time was also excused, the third, the fourth.. It was starting to get irritating. Other than the note mix up, when I started to sing, my voice went too high and I started to get out of breath. In addition to this, I forgot and mixed all the lyrics of the song. This made me stop in the middle of the song excusing myself for all the mistakes that I’ve done. Since the judges were my friends, they were totally understandable; they realized that I was nervous and that I am good at this, despite my failed efforts. This made me feel miserable. I have failed to preform something I have known and been playing for almost a year. I couldn’t sing the song without making a word mixup every now and then. I informed the judges the next day that I would like to audition again, and this time I was going to do it right. The minute I told them I was going to audition again, I went home searching for a completely different song to preform, and this time I was going to focus on singing it only. I found the perfect song, and once I did I started practicing on it. I have noticed that the last time I auditioned, I was nervous when my turn was up, so I decided to ask different people I knew to hear me out, and anytime I would get nervous I would randomly start singing, to try and overcome my fear of preforming in front of a crowd. When the day of my second audition finally arrived, I was assured that I would do it this time, given the fact that I have practiced beforehand and tried to overcome my fear. The minute I preformed, I felt a tinge of nervousness, but then It was like I was preforming to myself, not scared at all. I was confident enough and because of this I did a good job and the judges loved it. This made me realize that once you set your mind on something, even if you fail it once, you can always achieve it. If you have the will to do it, you will succeed. The second thing I realized was that you should always, ALWAYS make sure you are prepared for any situation that may arise, even if you think you know how to handle it. After all, practice makes perfect. This has made me believe that I should never give up on where I want to study, and even if I don’t get accepted the first time, I can work harder and apply again, I have nothing to loose. I should believe in myself and prepare myself for what’s ahead and will hopefully succeed. A Second Chance Essay In Harold Ramis’s film, â€Å"Groundhog Day† and Franz Kafka’s story, â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, both main characters are faced with a life-changing event because of the way they live their lives. In Groundhog Day the main character Phil is an arrogant, sarcastic weatherman absorbed in his own discomforts, without hope, and cut off from other people. He is forced to relive the same day, groundhogs day, over and over again. In â€Å"The Metamorphosis the main character is Gregor Samsa, a man who spends his time working to pay off a debt for his father. Gregor wakes up to find that he has turned into a beetle. Throughout these two works the main characters try to go back to living their life as before not realizing that this is their second chance at life to make things right. Phil manages to do so only by breaking through and becoming a person of intimacy, creativity and compassion which sets him free from his exile of living in the same day over and over again. As for Gregor, going from someone everyone depends on to something no one wants to care for, he doesn’t get a chance to have everything go back to normal. He dies and his family, for once, is relieved. Groundhog Day lets us experience what it would be like to make a breakthrough like this in our own lives. The movie shows us a character that is like the worst in ourselves. Like us, he finds himself in an inexplicable situation, something like fate. But, unlike us, he gets the luxury of being stuck in the same day until he gets it right. Where most of us go semi-automatically through most of our days, he is forced to stop and treat each day like a world onto itself, and decide how to use it. In the end, he undergoes a breakthrough to a more authentic self in which intimacy, creativity and compassion come naturally – a self that was trapped inside him and that could only be freed by trapping him. Like many of the heroes of fiction, he can only escape his exile from himself by being exiled in a situation not of his choosing. This movie hits on a message that is commonly found elsewhere and that appears to express an essential truth. When we get beyond denial and resentment over the conditions of life and death, and accept our situation, it tells us, then life ceases to be a problem and we can become authentic and compassionate. Phil makes two such breakthroughs: first he accepts being condemned to being stuck in the same day, then he accepts the fact that everyone else is condemned to die. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s transformation is kind of an extended metaphor. He deeply resented having to support his family. Desiring to be in turn nurtured by them, he becomes a parasite. The complete dependence of Gregor’s family and employer on him, then, is seen as an ironic foil to the reality of Gregor’s anatomical transformation into a parasite. The Metamorphosis is not upon Gregor, but on his family, as they abandon their dependence on him and learn to be self-sufficient. One interpretation of the story holds that the title applies equally to Gregor’s sister Grete: she passes from girlhood to young womanhood during the course of the narrative. Another view of Gregor’s transformation is that it is an extended metaphor, carried from abstract concept to concrete reality: trapped in a meaningless job and isolated from the human beings around him, Gregor is thought of as an insect by himself and by others, so he becomes one only to die, and relieving the family of having to take care of him. Fiction allows us to identify with and play characters who find their true selves, putting us in touch with the universal human nature in each of us. The ability to watch and play the role of fictional characters makes the fiction more interesting and expands our vision of possible ways of being. But, one way or another, it must lead us back to our true selves, the universal, moral being we all are, which is as real as the physical world is real. Groundhog Day symbolizes just this since Phil treats his life as a game only when he is in despair. Once he has a sense of hope, he becomes more authentic and discovers himself. As for The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s state before he turned into a bug contrasts with the family’s state after the got jobs and began working. I guess Kafka is trying to say that we shouldn’t work like bugs for others leaving out time for ourselves as Gregor had but instead work for ourselves with pride and dignity as the family did at the end of the story. A Second Chance Essay Three years ago, my cousin Wael, aged 17, died next to me in a car accident. It was a very beautiful evening, I just got off work and was excited to go home and drive my new Nissan 350Z my boyfriend just got me. As I arrived to my house, Wael was waiting for me. I hadn’t seen him over a week or so, and the excitement to see him was killing me. I wanted to go out for a drive to catch up, as well as test drive the new car. We were out driving for about twenty minutes or so; we told each other stories and just laughed until we couldn’t breathe any longer. At a point, he kept asking me to let him drive my car. This car was probably every teenagers dream. I didn’t want to at first, because my boyfriend had asked me to please not let anyone else drive it. I couldn’t say no to Wael. He was my everything; we always did things with each other, and for each other. I finally gave up, parked at a random store and switched seats with him. The fun then really began. We drove everywhere; we drove past my house, past our high school and finally went on this road called Hillcrest Road. This road is known for how small and narrow it is, and its big bumpy hills. We both knew what was about to happened. We were about to have the best time. He got in it, stepped on the gas as hard as he could, and the car speed off. We were screaming with laughter from how fast the car was going, and how much fun it was to feel like we were flying in the air. Finally we made it at the end of the road. I was glad that was over with, because in my head I kept thinking,† please don’t scratch up the car.† He wasn’t done, he asked me, â€Å"one more time please?† I gave up arguing with him, and agreed. This time around he put his whole weight on the gas pedal and took off as fast as he could. We were laughing, screaming, and looking at each other as we were flying in the air. There was a moment when the car flew af ter the hill and started to drift to the left. I got scared and asked him to stay in the lane. I think he freaked out and didn’t know how to handle the car. He made a mistake by hitting the break while we were flying instead of hitting the break when we landed. The two front wheels locked and as soon as it hit the concrete ground, everything started moving in slow motion. I could feel the car sliding off the road and going towards a white fence. I don’t remember what happened after that hit because it happened so fast. I can recall waking up with glass pocking the soles of my feet, blood dripping down my neck; it was so wet and gushy. I was so sore and in so much pain. I looked over to my shoulder to see if my cousin is still there, but all I see is blood dripping down his nose and I tried to wake him up. I was screaming at him â€Å"Please wake up, please.† When he couldn’t respond to me I tried to get out the car even though opening the door was very hard. Everything was blurry and every muscle in my body was aching. I was told, I just passed out on the ground while I was trying to walk to a house to get help. Eventually, someone called 911 and the ambulance and care flight came for both of us. I was taken on the ambulance to be treated for severe head injuries, while they were working on getting Wael out of the crushed car. I have been hit in the head by the fences we ran into, and had lost too much blood. Wael was pronounced dead due to internal bleeding. When I eventually woke up in the hospital, I heard all the crying and screaming, and that’s when I knew someone died. I couldn’t understand who, I mean it wasn’t me because I was still here. I kept telling myself this is just a dream; I will wake up soon, but I never woke up. That person who died was my cousin. I couldn’t cry, I was numb, I couldn’t feel anything. I couldn’t understand what had just happened. I just couldn’t believe it, no way. We were just having so much fun a couple hours ago it seemed. I guess bad news spreads faster than good news, because the next morning I was surrounded by people who I knew as well as I didn’t know. It was variety of people from friends, police officers and even family members from all over that I haven’t seen in years. That’s when it hit me, that my cousin is gone forever. I cried and cried myself to sleep. I couldn’t eat, I couldn’t sleep, and the nightmares kept getting worse as the days went on. All of my family hated me because they blamed me for his death. I developed very bad depression, I stopped talking to everyone, I got angry fast and I felt lonely. I had nothing going for myself. I felt like I lost everyone who I once loved, or at least those who loved me. One day my mom begged me to go get help, or just get out and do something with myself. I had to do something about this; it had been way too long. I had suffered enough, I grieved for way to long and that’s when I came to the conclusion that God has a plan for me and this is why he is still keeping me around. God gave me a second chance, he wants me to do something with myself. I believe everyone deserves second chance in life. It doesn’t matter if it a big mistake or a small mistake. Walking around with grudges won’t solve anything. Obviously when I was walking around grieving it didn’t do me any good. I blamed God, I blamed my boyfriend for getting me that car, and I took it hard on myself because I willingly handed the vehicle to my cousin. This world is filled with good and bad things. It’s sad to say that it took a car accident and losing the closest person I had ever had to make me realize this. Wael might be gone but he will never be forgotten. I feel like he begged me to drive the car for a reason. It me who was supposed to be killed, but God took him before me. I believe everyone deserves a second chance just like God gave me another chance. I felt like I died and came back. As long as I am alive I can survive anything, and I know I have a purpose in life. My life did change dramatically; I can’t say I am the same person I used to be. My family went from hating me to being the closest people I have in my life; I went from doing nothing for myself to enrolling at Kettering Medical College. Life can be cruel and destructive, but God gave me a second chance at life for a good reason. This I must believe.

Brave New World Connection Essay

In the world state â€Å"erotic play† is encouraged and forced upon children starting at an extremely young age. â€Å"We had Elementary Sex for the first forty minutes,† she answered. â€Å"But now it's switched over to Elementary Class Consciousness. † â€Å"The Director walked slowly down the long line of cots. Rosy and relaxed with sleep, eighty little boys and girls lay softly breathing. † (Huxley 71) This tool or game helps the world leaders, such as Mustache Mood, solidify the Idea that sex Is only meant for happiness and pleasure.As a reader you start to become uncomfortable with all of these little kids engaged In sex. In our current society â€Å"erotic games or play are completely Immoral and wrong especially for children but also for adults. The brains of children haven't fully developed and are not as sophisticated making them very influential and completely incompetent of understanding how these games could possibly effect their future relat ionships. The effects could lead children to believe that it is k to have sex with anyone at anytime even if the person is some one who hey have never even met.Relationships are a sign of togetherness a sign of affection, but in the novel there are not any true relationships there are these sorts of friendships, friendships that are souls based on sex. This is a main problem that John faces with Lenin, he wants to engage In a relationship with Lenin but she Is Incapable of loving him the same way that he wants to love her making John Incredibly frustrated and disappointed. Lenin wants sex and John wants love, this shows perfectly the mall differences teen the world state and our society.This concept of brain washing people and making them believe what you believe and make them do what you do, such as sex, is enforced by the world leaders. The world leaders are the world states people in the positions of highest power. The main way that the leaders maintain power is that they keep th e citizens in this constant â€Å"high† from the effects of a drug known as soma. Much like in the world today the people do drugs to suppress the feelings that are being felt and us it to bring out a appear more relaxed version of themselves.Drugs in our life are an escape but in the novel they are required for everyone, much to the disapproval of people like Bernard Marx. â€Å"Glum, Marx, glum. † The clap on the shoulder made him start, look up. It was that brute Henry Foster. â€Å"What you need Is a grammar of soma. † (Huxley 43). In this quote Henry Foster and Bernard Marx are talking and Bernard Is speaking about how he feels like he doesn't fit into the alpha plus ideal because of his size, Henry he building.Although there are a lot of differences between the world as we know it to be and this fictional world created by Huxley, in some weird way Huxley seemed to know exactly where the world was heading and different topics that would become more influent ial and less influential in our lives. Sex is one of these predictions. When Huxley wrote this book sex was still a thing to be cherished but now it is starting to shift towards being more and more common and is somewhat loosing its value.Not o the extent of the novel where people are having sex with everybody and anybody but to the point where there is a T. V show about 16 year old girls who have become mothers. â€Å"sex should be more than an act of pleasure, it's the ability to be able to feel so close to a person, so connected, so comfortable that its almost breathtaking† ( ). This quote was taken from an article where the author is coming off pretty heated and is talking about her 19 year old daughter who doesn't even know who the father of her newly born child is because she had been with so many guys.

Hibernation

Arieana Koonce Ms. Stephens Biology Honors March 9, 2013 True Hibernation vs. False Hibernation Hibernation is when a mammal has a low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. A ground squirrel hibernates in their dens. These dens allow them to sleep for a long time. They rarely wake up. Their hearts beat about 1-2 times per minute. Ground squirrels actually sleep through the entire cold winter. Their body temperature dips down so low that there body is only a couple degrees warmer than outside.It could reach below freezing. These animals prepare for this five to six month period the rest of the year. Hibernation is the animal's way to adapt to thing. Compared to ground squirrels, who hibernate in dens, and other true hibernators however, the hibernation arrangement of bears is only a sequence of long naps. Since the body temperature of bears remains high and their breathing remains at a normal rate, their winter naps can easily be bothered or woken up .Some bears even wake up during their winter nap and search and walk around for hours, occasionally possibly days. Therefore that makes bears mammals that are not true hibernators. In conclusion, false hibernation is a way for the larger mammals to stay warm throughout winter without having to do all the things the smaller ones do. It is not the same thing as true hibernation because their body temperature only drops a couple of degrees. Although they are very different mammals do whatever they can to survive the tough winter.

Non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods Essay

Non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods - Essay Example Fakhar et al. (2013) aimed to measure the pain anxiety related to change of dressing in admitted burn patients with age ranging from 18 to 60 years. The inclusion was only of 2nd degree burns (9-35% Total Body Surface Area-TBSA) and other burn degrees were excluded. Inclusion criteria meant people who are representative of the study and exclusion criteria meant people who may cause bias or hurt themselves. It is an experimental randomized clinical trial (RCT) with two groups. RCT is on the second top of hierarchy besides RCT can affect the decision-making if the sample size is calculated appropriately. RCTs are the useful trials that could admit the generalization of cause and affect relationships between intervention introduced and outcome measure. Sample size was estimated using power analysis to have a representative group. This power analysis helps to estimate the sample needed in experimental and control groups to support the findings as outlined by Burns and Grove (2009). The experimental group used jaw relaxation technique while the control group used usual medication care only without specifying it as this counted a weakness against the study. Randomization of allocation is done to ensure similarities in groups with a six months’ time period. Experimental group was taught to master jaw relaxation for 20 minutes and then asked to rate their pain anxiety level before dressing and again 15-20 minutes after the dressing.

Should animal be used for experimentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should animal be used for experimentation - Essay Example The use of animals in laboratory experiments has its advantages and disadvantages. Although a lot of animal rights activists believe and argue that it is not justifiable nor it is ethical on the part of humans to cause harm to the animals in exchange of improving the life span of human beings, I strongly believe that the benefit of using these animals in medical research purposes significantly outweighs the socio-economic consequences as being protested by the animal rights activists. Even though the use of animals in laboratory testing can be perceived as an act of cruelty, it is undeniable that the end-result of using animals in laboratory experimentation has significantly improved the quality and efficiency of medicine in terms of searching for effective medicine in treating human illnesses and prolonging the lives of each human being. During the past few decades, the use of these animals in medical experiments has contributed a lot in terms of enhancing the available medicine tha t is being used to cure a long list of diseases including diabetes and leprosy among others.

MTV Network Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MTV Network - Case Study Example MTV’s strategy in the Middle East is mostly based on the population, which comprises a large portion of teens whom it was targeting. The company saw the large population as an opportunity despite acknowledging that the challenges would be immense. MTV saw that the Middle East was an opportunity for expansion with respect to an audience of 190 million people that was unexploited. In addition, the company had undertaken adequate market research on the Middle East market and found out that there were no other channels providing similar content as MTV does with regard to international content. In the quest to fit in, MTV decided that it would produce 45% of the Arabia’s content locally to ensure that it met the standards of the conservative society. This would include a variety of programming ranging from music videos and reality shows to documentaries. Broadcasting 45% of local content would be a strategy that would help in unifying the area, which is known for constant po litical tensions. To beat the competition, MTV strategized a way of enabling the youths to voice their concerns and advertise their talents. In addition, usage of the Internet to allow people to access the channel anytime and anyhow they wish was also a good strategy that MTV devised to help in dealing with the competition of approximately 50 other local channels. The entire strategy is good and could work in this environment but with caution. This implies that the company should be very cautious on the content that it broadcasts.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example Based on this particular aspect, graduate schools have become increasingly focused on developing the leadership qualities of the students who are to be the upcoming employee generation in the global workplace (Jackson, 2009). Nevertheless, as leadership is termed to be more of an art rather than a science, it is essential to identify the personal limitations and development needs which should be managed accordingly to exemplify superior leadership capabilities in the practical scenario (Goleman, 2012). Based on these aspects, the discussion henceforth will aim at describing four skills area which I need to develop to grow as an effective leader in future. The description will be followed by a development plan which I think might be beneficial in my overall development as a leader. Four Skill Areas to Work On It is quite necessary to understand the concept of leadership and obtain a generalised view regarding the qualities that should be possessed by a leader prior to the elaboration and justification of the skills areas which I need to develop in order to become an effective leader. ... It is also related with social and philosophical dimensions of management in accordance with various business and non-business environments. In the words of Lubitz (2008, p.63), â€Å"Leadership is, therefore, never a straightforward task: it involves a set of complex skills whose employment is contingent on the level at which leadership is practiced, its place within the chain of task execution, and the nature of the task at hand.† Thus, it can be affirmed that leadership is a situational phenomenon where individual skills play a major role in depicting the effectiveness of such practices (DeRue & Ashford, 2010). From a generalised point of view, leaders in the contemporary context are required to possess various skills which accumulatively intend to enhance the qualities of the professionals and thus reward increasing efficiency (Campbell, Hays, Core, Birch, Bosack, & Clark, 2011). As stated by Klingborg, Moore and Varea-Hammond (2006), leaders in today’s contemporary era should possess organisational skills, learning skills, motivating skills, creative skills, critical thinking abilities as well as forward thinking and problem-solving skills. These skills are expected to augment flexibility among leaders to adapt changes and steer the team towards improvement. Another most significant ability which should be possessed by a 21st century leader is regarded to be the communication skills. As indicated by Decker (2006), effective communication not only assists in developing the team in a consistent manner but also helps to develop a mutual relationship and a stronger influence as well as control over the team performances. After learning about the skills required to be established as an effective

Equality for Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Equality for Animals - Essay Example In case of animals the mental or psychological aspect do not play much role. This differentiation has not been made because the animal equality is based mainly on physical torment aspect. He author mentions the point â€Å"not have interests because it cannot suffer† but here it is not clear as to what kind of interest he is talking of. The explanation provided in this context is ambiguous because talking of experiments on mice, it is essential in human interests. The author has not talked of conflict of interests or what decision should be taken when there is such a conflict. What interest can a mouse have in reducing human suffering? Similarly a man will have no interest in considering mouse’s suffering. This aspect has not been taken into consideration. 2E. The principle theme of this article is based on the concept of giving equal consideration to animals. The basic argument that Singer has mentioned in support of equal consideration of animals is the â€Å"princip le of equal consideration of interests† (Singer, 1979). This principle indicates that every living being deserves equal treatment irrespective of their kind, size or power. There are several sub-arguments in this article. The first one is that although some animals like those animals with thick skins have the capacity to feel lesser degree of physical pain than human. However, Singer argues that this cannot be the ground of giving unequal consideration to animals. Secondly, animals are used for scientific experiments because they lack the fear of anticipation and also because they are not considered in the same category as humans. Singer argues that since human infants and retarded humans cannot be used for experiments, so animals should also be prohibited from experimenting. Thirdly, Singer argues that people should refrain from eating flesh of animals as this not a necessity. By killing animals for food they right of living is violated to serve the minor interests of humans. Fourthly, animals lack reasoning and so they are less self-conscious than humans. However, Singer argues that degree of self-consciousness cannot undermine the importance of giving equal consideration of interests. The main conclusion of this article is that in spite of all the differences between animals and humans, there should be equal consideration of interests. The main reason for this conclusion is that animals have the capacity to feel pain and suffering and so they should be considered equal to human beings in spite of their low intellectual level. Another reason is that humans have no right to use animals for the purpose of pleasure. 3F. Main concepts: Animals Equal treatment Main Conceptual Question: Should animals be given equal treatment as humans? Animals Equal treatment - have less intellectual power - have capacity to feel pain - do not have the fear of anticipation - are consumed by humans as food - are kept in unfavourable conditions to be converted into food - are used for scientific experiments - eat each other - Darwinian theory gives humans right to kill animals for food - can use tools and communicate like humans - equal consideration of interests - suffering of all beings must be given equal consideration - humans infants and retarded humans are not considered to be of same category like animals - use of animals as food is not a necessity but is more a luxury - people should choose vegetarian way of life in order to maintain the