Civilization Begins With Order - Free Essay Example

Civilization begins with order, grows with liberty and dies with chaos (Will Durant), If a civilization does not have order within it or liberty for the people then it is bound to end in terrible chaos. In the novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, a group of boys get stranded on an island and there are no adults with them but even though they have each other they lose a sense of what is real and what is not. As the story progresses civilization is lost and chaos rises. Jack is a very interesting character who shows a lot of change in the story; from eager little boy to savage young man. Also, the way the author writes the story with such a simple style but with deep subject matter plays a role in how the story is understood. Jack starts the story as a very refined boy who could never bring himself to harm anyone, but as the story progresses all that is lost and he starts to clearly represent the destroyer. This archetype is, a paradoxical character whose destructions reflects a death drive and an inner fear their quest is to let go of anger or whatever force drives them (Changing Minds). Jack had not been able to kill a pig earlier in the story but then, Look! Weve killed a pig- we stole up on them- we got in a circle- (Golding 69). After killing the pig, hunting was all that Jack was left thinking about and he let his shadow side of self- destructive and addictive behaviors get the best of him. Jacks transformation into such a savage character results in his barbaric and animalistic behavior, and his savagery grows because of the lack of authority beyond just the conch. The conch is a symbol for order and power that all the boys get a chance to have, but Jack never cared for that because he lets his savage behavior and governance with violence get in the way of a civil state. Nature versus nurture is a very strong but indirect theme in the story. Nature refers to ones hereditary factors who influence our person while nurture refers to the environmental factors which influence ones growth. Jack in the story appears to be a natural born leader who always wants to step up, Ralph- we need meat even if we are hunting the other thing (Golding 111). Here Jack tells Ralph what needs to be done and the nature he has of being a leader later drives him to be the leader of a violent group of boys. The new environment he is placed in nurtures him to the point where a great change is caused within himself and all ideas of civilization are lost, and his nature plays a role here because he feels that he has to be leader otherwise things will simply not go his way. Jack has a very strong motive to dominate the boy and have complete power over them because he feels that he is the most suitable for it. Jack is a great example of an Id. Very similar to the Id, Jack cares about survival rather than rescue. The ids central point is immediate pleasures no matter the repercussions. Jack found the throat and the hot blood spouted over his hands (Golding 135). Jacks desire to kill and please his personal desires are shown here. He shows the boys that nothing will hold him back from completing his own needs, much like the Id aims to please itself by taking over ones mind. Furthermore, William Goldings writing style is very deep within subject matter but still very simple throughout. This is the writing structure portrayed in the story because there are certain parts where there would be many details about quite unnecessary things and other parts with not enough. For example, You got your small fire alright the heart of the flame leaped nimbly across the gap between the trees and then went swinging and flaring along the whole row of them (Golding 44). This is the part of the story where a forest fire starts and here, the author goes into such a descriptive state for the fire and in the next starting chapter it is suddenly resolved and never talked about again. This was quite confusing when it came to reading because it would be expected that such a descriptive section of the book would not just suddenly end and just be done with for the rest of the story, but that was the case with this certain section of the story. Another section of the story that was explicit without much necessity but ends up being quite simple to the story is when Ralph thinks about how ungroomed he is, The folds were stiff like cardboard and unpleasant; noticed too how the frayed edges of his shorts were making an uncomfortable, pink area he disliked perpetually flicking the tangled hair out of his eyes (Golding 76-77). This enhances the understanding of the story because of how descriptive the author is hinting to how long theyve been on that island because of how the boys now look and that helps simplify the story. Lastly, in chapter 9 the author goes deep with the subject of the story, but again it is not talked about again. The beast struggled forward, broke the ring, and fell over the steep edge of the rock. At once the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock and screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws (Golding 153). The author goes into so much depth with how the boys savagery made them lose sight of what was going on and it is confusing because after this scene the murder was never really talked about again and the boys just go on and continue being themselves as if nothing had happened. It was not as simple to the story as other parts were because this section doesnt infer or make anything else clearer. Overall, Jack started the story as a very decent young man and ended as a very uncivil and uncultured boy. He let his desire of wanting to kill and be leader get in the way of the civility of the rest and soon brought them down with him. Also, the authors writing structure not only affected the way that the characters were seen or what inferences were made but also the way that the story was understood. All civilization was lost as well as liberty leading to terrible chaos that ended with pure savagery.

Heterogeneous or Ability Grouping What is Best for ALL...

Ability Grouping (also known as Tracking) is a method of combining students of similar learning abilities in the same classroom. This is a method that is done in the hopes of continually challenging higher students so they can achieve at their highest level. Heterogeneous grouping on the other hand is grouping students into classrooms no matter the level of student achievement. The basis of heterogeneous grouping is to put students of all levels into a classroom. A study of tracking in Kenya found some great results in support of this method. One of the strongest results of this study showed that students tracked in a high-ability classroom tended to score better on achievement tests at the end of the intervention than they did in†¦show more content†¦This shows that teachers are possibly less motivated to teach a lower-achieving class because they are starting off with lower scores. (Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Kremer, M. 2009) The research shows that students were successf ul in the tracking classroom. Boredom is another factor that can affect gifted students. A study done in Austria in 2010 examined the effects of boredom on gifted students in a heterogeneous classroom versus a gifted ability grouped classroom. The findings of this study showed no significant differences in boredom of students of different abilities. There were some interesting findings for the students’ reasons for boredom. (Frenzel, A., Gotz, T., Preckel, F., 2010). When the gifted students were placed in the ability-grouped classroom, the students’ reason for boredom was due to the fact that they were over-challenged. As the gifted students were placed in the heterogeneous classroom, their reason for boredom was because they were under-challenged. The regular education students exhibited boredom with the same frequency, no matter the classroom setting, because they were over-challenged in both settings. (Frenzel, A., Gotz, T., Preckel, F., 2010). Tracking an d ability grouping can help students, but there is also evidence of tracking presenting a widening of the achievement gap. National surveys in the past have shown that â€Å"students assigned to high and low tracks grow farther and farther apart in achievement†. (Gamoran, A. 2009)Show MoreRelatedEducating Students And Teachers For A Diverse Educational System2089 Words   |  9 Pageseducation system has to prepare its students for a global world in which problem solving, technology, and collaboration is at the center. But how does the education system become more inclusive and acceptable if we do not consider the educational frameworks and who is responsible for those frameworks? My research investigates the frameworks by examining tracking, grouping strategies, and teacher mindsets. I will offer suggestions on how to prepare students and teachers for a diverse educationalRead MoreCan The Regular Inclusive Classroom?1592 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Many students who ar e gifted require differentiated programming and supports to meet their exceptional learning needs† (Alberta Education, p.172). Can the regular inclusive classroom, a heterogeneous program, be enough of a challenge to stimulate the thinking to reach the gifted learner? Or, is a homogenous classroom, comprised of only gifted individuals, be the best academic solution for these exceptional students? As of June 2014, in the Catholic District School Board of Eastern Ontario, thereRead MoreEducating The Gifted Through Ability1669 Words   |  7 PagesEducating the Gifted Through Ability Grouping in Elementary Schools 1) What is Ability Grouping? How does it seek to further the educational needs of a diverse group of students in a classroom or a school? a) â€Å"Ability grouping refers to the grouping of students of the same ability or according to their demonstrated performance or readiness level† (Misset et al) (1) Using groups according to ability creates a homogenous environment for students to learn with others at a pace that matches the needsRead MoreStatistics on Cooperative Learning1772 Words   |  8 PagesWHAT ARE THE STATISTICS ON COOPERATIVE LEARNING ANYWAY? Cooperative learning has been debated by educators for a long time and continues to be questioned today. Many educators feel that cooperative learning strips students of the benefits of direct instruction. Proponents of homogeneous learning tend to stray from cooperative learning because it seems to deprive gifted students of learning with their gifted peers. Five studies will be summarized that look at differentRead MoreTheoretical Frameworks Of Learning, Discipleship And Constructivism3882 Words   |  16 Pageson relevant literature, research and practice from a critical perspective This essay will discuss two theoretical frameworks of learning, Behaviourism and Constructivism. Then examine the orginin, need and importance for ability grouping specifically to aid the gifted student. It will then analyse evidence of a child from block School Experience (BSE) 1 and relate theory to practice. Learning can sometimes appear to be a very simple thing, understanding how we learn is not as straightforward asRead More Within-Class Ability Grouping Essay2745 Words   |  11 PagesWithin-Class Ability Grouping As a future educator ability grouping is more than likely going to be a part of my classroom. I think it can and will be a valuable tool in effectively teaching all students of varying abilities. Ability grouping is a greatly debated area in the field of education. Opponents to the practice believe ability grouping is detrimental to learning and student self-esteem, but ability grouping, specifically within-class ability grouping, can be very effective in teachingRead MoreEssay on Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms1328 Words   |  6 Pagesaccommodate different students learning styles in an English learning classroom can be overwhelming. Having good teaching strategies can help English learning students learn more effectively. Using the best strategies will ensure all students in the classroom have an effective learning environment. There are many instructional strategies that teachers can use in the classroom. Comprehensible Input Comprehensible input is the theory that English learning students will understand best when they areRead MoreA Study on Homogeneous Sectioning3537 Words   |  15 PagesA Study On The High School Sectioning System The 4th Year Students’ Perspectives Submitted By: Darren Xavier T. Lucenario IV- St. Francis Submitted To: Ms. Jean Victoria Malenab January 7,2013 Table Of Contents Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 I. Introduction a. Introductory Part b. Topic c. Definition of Terms II. Significance of the Study III. Research Proper a. Data, Papers, Researches, and Other Information Gathered IV. Advantages and Disadvantages Read MoreEssay on Differentiated Instruction: Optimizing Student Success 1257 Words   |  6 Pagesinstruct according to a system that a student will get the best results. Neurologically everyone learns in a different way. A teacher’s objective is to guarantee that maximum potential from every pupil is reached. Teaching adolescent students is a vital time period to assure that they reach understandings and discover the way that they learn best, because this is ordinarily the peak of their neurological development. This teaching style is a way for students to find the joy in learning. The lastingRead MoreGrouping Literature Review3900 Words   |  16 PagesGrouping Practices in the Elementary Reading Classroom Abstract Reading instruction has a long history of being one of the most highly debated topics in education. American teachers have been criticized for not producing effective readers. Teachers recognize the need to differentiate reading instruction and provide a balanced literacy program. In an effort to meet the needs of all students, teachers use a variety of grouping methods while teaching reading. In recent history

Movie Analysis Like A Freak By Stephen Dubner And...

After taking a college class that analyzes strategy, it has opened my eyes to the true virtues of people. My project was to contrast the strategies used by two documentary directors; Joshua Fox and Phelim McAleer. Fox directed Gasland and McAleer directed FrackNation. Reading Think Like A Freak by Stephen Dubner and Steven Levitt, it was interesting to watch how both directors thought like freaks in their documentaries but it in polar opposite ways. Also, studying from the book of Strategy by Lawrence Freedman, I took the approach of Satan verses God while comparing the strategies used. FrackNation was a response documentary to Fox’s film, in other words, McAleer attempted to disprove all of Fox’s claims and to have fracking looked at in a better light. Studying many forms and interpretations of strategy, I was successfully able to discover the underlying meanings of the perspectives and motives of the two documentary directors. Joshua Fox decided to make his documentar y when is land was considered as a possible hydraulic fracturing site. He decided to look more into this practice of natural gas extraction. Fox at the time lived on the Delaware River Basin in Pennsylvania, his was living on the world’s largest natural gas reservoir, the Marcellus Shale. Fox was very hesitant to make any harsh choices with leasing his land to the gas company that wanted his property. As Fox was researching, he noticed how people in his own community were having major problems with gas

Essay - 885 Words

Have you ever been stuck between traveling the world or going to school, but not really sure where to star? Maybe you want to swim with dolphins in Dubi, snorkel with sting rays in the Bahamas or even eat exotic food like lion meat in South Africa. Luckily enough here at Iowa State theres a great program to be able to do both! In this program, the importance of following the practical guidelines is during this time the program is delegated to be responsible for an authority to develop and commensurate. The Iowa State campus Study Abroad Association stuff says in other words that they have time to examine and create a plan for everyone by making critical decisions. According to the Iowa State home page it states â€Å"Ames, Iowa, may seem†¦show more content†¦Research has shown that students who study abroad graduate within four years at a higher rate than students who stay on campus for their full degree program. Studying abroad helps you define your goals and focuses your attention. It’s also a great career boost, as employers are looking for recent grads who have leadership skills and experience working with people from other cultures (Study Abroad Center ). There are many opportunities for studying abroad for many types of majors and even for those undecided at the beginning of their college career. For example if you are looking into College of Design let’s say, They state that â€Å" College of Design International Programs provide personal, academic and professional benefits that will extend far beyond your last day abroad. Studying abroad will help you to become more independent and flexible, to develop problem-solving and leadership skills, to increase your creativity and confidence, and to handle stressful situations better Depending on the program you choose, you’ll have the opportunity to study with College of Design faculty members and/or distinguished local lecturers. You can fulfill the degree requirements while seeing the world. Museums, galleries, buildings, outdoor spaces and monuments abroad will become your classroom as you explore first-hand what you’ve been learning about in textbooks here in Ames. Just in this simple major has three unique opportunities toShow MoreRelatedWhat Is an Essay?1440 Words   |  6 PagesBuscemi Essay #3 Rough Draft An essay is a creative written piece in which the author uses different styles such as diction, tone, pathos, ethos or logos to communicate a message to the reader using either a personal experience, filled with morals and parables, or a informative text filled with educational terms. Educational terms could mean the usage of complicated and elevated words or simply information you would get in schools. Some authors, such as Cynthia Ozick, claim that an essay has noRead Morenarrative essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essay A Brief Guide to Writing Narrative Essays Narrative writing tells a story. 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Read MoreEssay763 Words   |  4 PagesCan’t be Built on Soccer Fever† and â€Å"Na Na Na Na, Hey Hey, Goodbye† In Jonathan Zimmerman’s essay â€Å"African National Identities Can’t Be Built on Soccer Fever† he describes how soccer brings the people of Africa together. He talks about the unity of Africans and how much soccer is a part of their lives. He also describes the underlying reason of why soccer is so heavily pushed. The perspective in the essay â€Å"Na Na Na Na, Hey Hey, Goodbye† Tim Bowling discusses his passion for hockey and his hate forRead MoreThe Colonel Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesIn the essay, The Colonel, Michael Hogan illustrates the importance of the influential sport of tennis. Hogan writes about how tennis changed his life from an early age. When he was younger he saw tennis as a rich mans sport in which he had no interest. One of his much-respected neighbors, the colonel, approached Hogan’s father with the idea that his son might like to learn how to play tennis. After pondering the thought with his father, Hogan decided to take t he offer. The Colonel became his mentorRead MorePersuasive Essays : Persuasive Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan this class, I loved to write persuasive essays. I loved to write about my own opinions and I was quite good at convincing people to agree with my stand points. To convince others to agree on my point of view was an extraordinary feeling. I am very good at getting my point across and giving my reasons on why I feel the way I do about a certain situation. I loved writing persuasive essays because I love to read them as well. I love how persuasive essays have a call-to-action; giving the readers aRead MoreEnglish Composition One: To Be an Essay or Not to Be an Essay That Is the Question910 Words   |  4 Pages In the past, the mention to have to write a paper for an assignment caused me to break out in a sweat or my mouth instantly dries, well it does not have that kind of effect on me anymore. 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Spreading Of Hiv / Aids - 1734 Words

Gregory Lewis Professor Zeller International Relations 17 April 2017 The Spreading of HIV/AIDS What is AIDS and how it is spreading throughout the world? Throughout the 20th-21st Century, AIDS has been a top primary concern for many people and how it can spread numerous ways through any physical contact. AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, has a set of symptoms that has caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV. This type of virus is considered to be when a person’s immune system is too weak to defend advanced HIV infections and how it develops certain symptoms and illnesses that will destroy the immune system. Most of the infections are harmless to healthy people, but the ones that have AIDS†¦show more content†¦Prominent to known in most parts of the world, HIV is mostly transmitted through heterosexual sex. In 2014, 87 percent of women were involved in new cases that would risk them to spread the virus and be â€Å"attributed to heterosexual sex† (STDCheck.com). During that year, only 62 percent of African-Americans were diagnosed, making it the highest risk factor of this virus. The symptoms that are primarily affecting this case are body rash, fever, sore throat, and severe headaches. It will take 2-4 weeks to experience these symptoms if they know they are infected. However, the remaining 80 percent of people will mistake the transmission by having flu-like symptoms including night sweats, fatigue, muscle aches, and mouth. Where was HIV/AIDS diagnosed at first? In 1920 in a land called Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, many scientists identified a chimpanzee that was considered to be the primary effect of how HIV/AIDS infected to humans. They also believed that â€Å"the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus or SIV) most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood† (AIDS Institute). When it happened, the virus became known as HIV-1 as the first case with other primary groups such as M, N, O, P, which has a genetically make-up. Group M was theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Spreading of HIV/AIDS684 Words   |  3 Pagesdiseases such as HIV/AIDS. This disease have developed into an international issue as it has been spreading rapidly throughout the world. The government are having difficulties to maintain the development of HIV/AIDS because it is administered through body fluids and this is especially deadly for those who are involved in promiscuity, such as sex workers. HIV/AIDS is initially derived from African continent but it has spread out world-widely and became a global phenomenon. AIDS (Acquired ImmuneRead MoreAn Evaluation of Hiv-Aids Care and Prevention Strategies in Uk1067 Words   |  5 PagesO N An Overall View of HIV/AIDS Statistics in UK: According to the Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, in the early 1980s, the number of people diagnosed with HIV was a increasing steadily. From 1987 to 1990 the cumulative number of HIV diagnoses reported was almost doubled (from 8,016 to 15,166) (1, 2). Between 1990 and 1997 there were between 2,000 and 2,700 HIV diagnoses reported annually.(3) From 1999 there was a huge rate of increase in the number of annual HIV Infected people, peak periodRead MoreHistory Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in the United States starts in 1981, the year it became recognized by country as an official new strange disease. By 1982 it was recognized as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It started in San Francisco, with five young homosexual men, they were presented with Pneumonia (PCP). As the year went on there were more reports of homosexual men presenting PCP and some of them were diagnosed with PCP and Kaposi ´s Sarcoma (KS). Others reportsRead MoreEssay on HIV/AIDS and Modern Medical Inventions1399 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancement in medical inventions, still the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most challenging virus that will drag the human lives to the deadly disease acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It spreads its wings all over. HIV cannot be cured, but it can be prevented. It has become the greatest life threatening disease and affects unbelievably high percent of human beings. Nowadays, besides other deadly diseases, HIV/AIDS becomes more complex and crucial health issue that challenges severalRead MoreThe Epidemic Of The Hiv Virus1747 Words   |  7 PagesStephan Ziccardi Professor Becher ENC 1101 October 24th, 2015 Since the discovery of the HIV virus in 1983, there have been many precautions taken to control and prevent the spreading of this deadly disease. Helen Epstein, who is the author of â€Å"AIDS Inc,† informs her readers about the sexually transmitted disease known as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Epstein enlightens her audience with crucial information in regards to the ruthless disease that is devouring the lives of innocentRead MoreAnglo American Plc Case Study1709 Words   |  7 Pages Kamlesh Bind PGDM –IB ( 08) 1. What are the pros and cons of Anglo American’s adoptions of a strategy in combating HIV/AIDS among its South African workforce ? What recommendation would you give the company concerning its HIV / AIDS policy ? Ans :- Anglo American had a huge investment in South Africa and was hard hit by the HIV / AIDS epidemic . It was one of the first corporation to develop a comprehensive, proactive strategy to combat the ravages of the disease on itsRead Moreessay on hiv-aids1669 Words   |  7 Pages2000 words essay on: HIV-AIDS AIDS, The full form is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus). It is a condition in which the built in defence system of the body breaks down completely. This phenomenon is gradual but ultimately leads to total depletion of a very important cell component of the immune mechanism. Thus those who are affected are unable to combat with common diseases including even mildRead MoreDiscrimination of Hiv/Aids1466 Words   |  6 Pages1 Discrimination of HIV/AIDS Discrimination of HIV/AIDS-positive people in medical field and in society is morally wrong In the rural area of Nigeria, an AIDS patient cut his hand and, when he went to the closest hospital to bandage it, the doctors kept transferring him from one outpatient department to another medical ward, then to another one because they did not want to get infectedRead MoreMary Fisher Speech Summary846 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the late 1990s, the HIV virus spread to different parts of the world affecting millions of people and causing the death of many people. The spread of the virus brought fear to many people, especially those in America. Negative attitudes toward those with HIV or AIDS grew which made those with the virus feel ashamed of being exposed to the virus. Mary Fisher argues that raising awareness of HIV/AIDS is necessary to not only prevent the spread of the virus but to also help support those, notRead MoreAids ( Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome )1249 Words   |  5 PagesHIV, the virus which develops into AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is on e of the world’s largest health concerns. The first cases were discovered in 1981. Now, about 35 years later, there are over 36.9 million people living with the disease (UNAIDS 1). Cases have been reported in all regions of the world. The majority of those living with HIV/AIDS, and those at greatest risk for contracting the disease, have limited to no access to education, prevention, care and treatment. There also

Fahrenheit 451 Lit Notes free essay sample

He kicks Mildred’s friends out of the house * Mon tag takes the ear chip out of his ear to avoid getting a lecture from Faber * He suddenly feels guilty for causing Mildred’s friends pain an starts to doubt his cause * Montag goes outside to hide his books in the bushes so, Mildred can’t get rid of them anymore * Mildred finally goes back to work where he has to return a book back to Beatty because his 24 hours are up * He notices that The Mechanical Hound isn’t there * When Montag gets to Beatty he hands him a book and Beatty throws it in the bin disinterestedly * Beatty already knew that Montag was having doubts but Montag assured him that he was all better * During their game of cards, Montag feels very scared, guilty and fidgety * He gets up to wash his hands often to rid himself of the guilt he’s feeling â€Å"In Beatty’s sight Montag felt the guilt of his hands. His fingers were like ferrets that had done some evil and now never rested always stirred†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 105) * Beatty still knows that there’s something wrong with Montag so he tries to confuse him and trap him into revealing himself * Faber continues to tell Montag to ignore Beatty and follow his own heart * Beatty describes a dream to Faber in which they were both arguing with each other about books and society using quotes from literature * Beatty is trying to instill fear into Montag * The alarm went off, signaling that there was a house that had illegal books that needed to be burned * They hop into the truck and drive to the destination When they get there Montag notices that it’s his house Foreshadowing: Montag house is the one being burned and Beatty already knew about it because he told the fireman that this burning was a â€Å"special call, before they got there. This hints that Beatty always suspected Montag and he was probably the one that programmed The Mechanical Hound to keep an eye on him. â€Å"You’ll be fine. This is a special case. Come on, jump for it! † (pg. 109)â€Å"Beatty’s pink, phosphorescent cheeks glimmered in the high darkness and he was smiling furiously. ‘ Here we are! †(pg. 110)Significance: The quote suggests that Beatty is getting a sickening thrill from seeing Montag in his confused and guilty state and its shows that he knows what is to come. Pathos is created for Montag because he is so confused and unsure of what he wants. He is struggling as he is deciding what to do with his plan to benefit society. Suspense: Montag gets called to another house at night to burn. But, when the firemen arrive at the house he realizes that it’s his house they’re burning. â€Å" ‘ What,’ said Montag slowly, ‘we’ve stopped in front of my house’† (pg. 110) | Character Montag: Montag is realizing how truly disconnected his society is. He is getting very frustrated and his patience is thinning. We are now being introduced to an impulsive, daring, reckless Montag that we haven’t seen before. First he was confused, then he was curious now he’s daring but, careless. He is become extremely hasty and thoughtless which is putting him in risky and dangerous positions. Faber: Faber is playing the part as Montag’s level-headed conscious and guide. He is showing him the right path and helps him make decisions like how to handle Beatty. Faber is Beatty foil character. Mildred: Mildred is representing the whole society disconnected, uncondemning and oblivious. She’s already showed her obliviousness by overdosing on over 30 pills and her disconnection by referring to her real family as the people on her parlor walls. She is starting to get annoyed of Montag and is trying to get rid of the books out of fear of being caught and taken away from her â€Å"family† Beatty: Beatty is showing his true character in this section, a cruel, contradictory and manipulative man. In the beginning he was shown as a very understanding man who was trying to help Montag through his rough patch but now we have been introduced to his true colors. He is torturing Montag by trying to confuse him with literature quotes. He is beginning to pollute Montag’s easily swayed mind with garbage. Also, he leads Montag into being forced to burn down his own home. The relationship between Montag and Faber grows as Montag begins to trust him a lot. He leans on him for advice and how to act towards Beatty. Conflicts: Montag vs. Faber Montag has a hard time listening to Faber tell him about his mistake. He takes out his ear piece to avoid hearing Faber speaking to him. Montag is trying to learn to accept his mistake. Faber is finding it hard to assist Montag because Montag continues to question himself multiple times. Montag vs. Montag Montag is in a phase of confusion and recklessness. He doesn’t know what to believe anymore. Although, books bring knowledge, love and answers to the world they also bring pain, grief and controversy. Montag doesn’t understand how something so good could also be so catastrophic. Sometimes Montag is very bold and does careless things out of frustration but, sometimes he is very confused and lost. Montag vs. Mildred Mildred was supposed to be helping Montag but, instead she is going behind his back and burning his books. She is scared. Montag doesn’t feel a connection with Mildred anymore and neither does she with him. Some were missing and he knew that she had started her own process of dispersing the dynamite in her house, stick by stick. † (pg. 102)Montag vs. Beatty Beatty knows that Montag is hiding something and he’s no longer s uspicious. He has already sent The Mechanical Hound to confirm his suspicions. Now, Beatty is confusing Montag in his most desperate time and Montag begins to doubt himself. | Theme Importance of intellectual freedom: Since Montag had never had a proper education, he can be persuaded and confused easily. If Montag had been taught better in education Beatty wouldn’t be able to confuse his mind so easily. Faber wouldn’t have to help Montag so frequently. â€Å"Beatty snorted. ‘Oh, no! You weren’t fooled by that little idiots routine, were you? Flowers, butterflies, leaves, sunsets, oh, hell! Its all in her file. I’ll be damned. I’ve hit the bull’s-eye. ’† Ignorance/Knowledge: Beatty is very knowledgeable while, Montag is extremely ignorant when it comes to literature. Beatty uses this to his advantage by tricking Montag with quotes from literature to make Montag believe it’s an evil thing. â€Å"’Who are little wise, the best fools be. ’ Welcome back, Montag† (pg. 105) | Literary Devices Metaphor: â€Å"’But remember that the captain belongs to the most dangerous enemy to the truth and freedom, the solid unmoving cattle of the majority. We all have our harps to play and it’s up to you now to know with which ear you’ll listen. ’† Personification: â€Å"The books leapt and danced like roasted birds, their wings ablaze with red and yellow feathers. † This personification is to describe books when in fire and how the movements of the pages in the books resembled dance. Personification: â€Å"What traitors books can be! You think they’re backing you up, and then they turn on you. † This personification is placed to show that books are bad. Although, books are not humans they do cause much controversy and pain much like a traitor. Metaphor: â€Å"If there was no solution, well then now there was no problem, either. Visual Imagery: â€Å"Beatty’s pink, phosphorescent cheeks glimmered in the high darkness, and he was smiling furiously†¦The salamander boomed to a halt, throwing men off in slips and clumsy hops. Montag stood fixing his raw eyes to the cold bright r ail under his clenched fingers†¦ At last Montag raised his eyes and turned. Beatty was watching his face†¦ ‘Why, we’ve stopped in front of my house. ’† This imagery is used to describe how Beatty looked like in his moment of glee in seeing Montag plummet. Metaphor: â€Å"’Now you did it. Old Montag wanted to fly near the sun and now that he’s burnt his damn wings,† This metaphor is used to show that Montag’s whole plan was once high and mighty but is now crashing down as fast as it came up. Simile: â€Å" The men ran like cripples in their clumsy boots, as quietly as spiders. † (pg. 110)|

Analysis of Boral Limited Company ASXBTL

Question: Describe about the Prospective analysis, valuation and application of the Boral Limited company ASX:BTL? Answer: 1. Prospective Analysis This prospective analysis of Boral Limited can be divided into two sections. These sections are forecasting and valuation. Initial forecasting analysis of the Borals performance will be based upon the past and current financial performance of the company. After initial analysis, four valuation models which are Dividend Discount model, Discounted Abnormal Earnings model, Discounted Abnormal Operating Earning model and Discounted Cash Flow model are used for assessing the companys value. 1.1 Forecasting sales growth rate Through analyzing the current and future macroeconomic conditions as well as Borals competitive strategy it is predicted that sales will increase by 2% in FY15 and FY16, 3% in FY17, 4% in FY18 and 6% in FY19. As the company invests in the Joint venture, it sales will gradually increase in upcoming years. At present the sales growth rate for last five years is a mixed one. The sales of company showed increasing trend except for the year ended 2013, which showed a decline. However the construction industry is developing one and Boral is having strong position in this industry thus a good sales growth in future can be expected. 1.2 Forecasting asset turnover It may be noted that the changes in revenue and net operating asset (NOA) directly affect the movement of ATO(Bragg 2012). In the case of Boral, NOA is expected to keep stable. Recently Boral has restructured its business, it has established joint venture. Now the company is focusing on managing the costs and expenses. Hence it is not expected that there will be noticeable growth in NOA in coming future, though some small projects may be initiated. Thus the ATO of Boral is expected to constant at 0.80. 1.3 Forecasting profit margin It can be safely assumed that profit margin will remain constant at 3.5% which is relatively low but in line with the average profit of building material industry(Yahoo 2015). In the next five years sales revenue of the company will increase as it has set up joint venture and Boral is merging its brick business with CSR(AFR 2014). However the cost of raw material will also increased and there is not much scope in the building material industry to boost the profit ratio beyond a limit. Thus the profit margin is taken as constant at 3.88%. 1.4 Forecasting dividend payout ratio A constant dividend payout ratio of 33% has been forecasted for the next 5 years, based on Borals current dividend policy. It has been little lower in the past five years but as now Boral has restructured most of its business it is expected that the directors will be able to maintain at least this dividend payout ratio. 1.5 Forecasting cost of debt after tax Boral has paid a major portion of tis debt in the year 2013. Hence the cost of debt after tax is expected to be slightly diminishable. As a result, cost of debt after tax of Boral for the next 5 years is predicted around 4%. 2. Valuation 2.1Dividend Discount Model (DDM) There are several valuation models; however for the purpose of this assignment focus will be made only for few major models. Dividend discount model is one of such model. Under this method the valuation part is done of by forecasting the net dividends and than discounting the stream of dividends(Brigham Ehhardt 2010). It is assumed that after restructuring of the business Boral limited will be able to pay a fixed series of dividends in coming years, thus this model is used. Forecasts Value Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast 1.Forecast net dividend pay-out $ 58.15 $ 59.31 $ 61.09 $ 63.53 $ 67.35 2. estimate cost of capital for equity 10% 1.1 1.210 1.331 1.464 1.611 3. Calculate forecast dividend growth patterns 2% 3% 4% 6% Estimate TV method - perpetuity with growth of 6% 4. Calculate TV (div from next year / cost capital - growth) $ 1,122 5. Discount dividend stream to TV year $ 53 $ 49 $ 46 $ 43 $ 42 Discount TV $ 697 Total value = $ 930 Number of shares 583 Share price $ 1.60 2.2 Discounted Abnormal Earnings (DAE) The second valuation model used to value a company and its stock is DAE model. This DAE model is basically a theoretical framework for valuation of equity shares, which is based on the information extracted from the financial reports(Palepu 2013). This model heavily relies upon the accounting information. The accounting information can be manipulated by the management, thus this model may not give accurate valuation which reflects market expectation. Cost of capital (firm) 9% Cost of capital (equity) 10% Growth 2% Number of shares outstanding (million) 779 Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 NOA $ 5,559 $ 5,670 $ 5,784 $ 5,957 $ 6,195 $ 6,567 NFO $ 886 $ 21 $ 15 $ 65 $ 177 $ 419 BV $ 4,673 $ 5,649 $ 5,768 $ 5,892 $ 6,018 $ 6,148 CSP $ 159 $ 175 $ 179 $ 185 $ 190 $ 197 Residual earnings = CSP1 - (CSE0*CoC(e)) $ 159 $ 161 $ 167 $ 172 $ 178 Growth patterns 1.30% 3.16% 2.82% 3.68% Terminal value (growth rate 3%) $ 4,847 Discounted terminal value $ 3,009 Discounted residual earnings $ 145 $ 133 $ 125 $ 117 $ 111 Present value of residual earnings $ 3,641 NOA $ 5,559 Intrinsic value of the firm $ 9,200 NFO $ 886 Intrinsic value of equity $ 8,314 Price per share $ 10.67 2.3 Discounted Abnormal Operating Income (DAOI) The third valuation method used is discounted abnormal operating earnings (DAOE). This model can be seen as an alternative model for the valuation of the stock prices of the Boral Limited. Cost of capital (equity) 10% Cost of capital (firm) 11% Number of shares outstanding 779 Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 NOA $ 5,559 $ 5,670 $ 5,784 $ 5,957 $ 6,195 $ 6,567 Free cash flow $ 930 $ 65 $ 66 $ 12 -$ 46 -$ 168 change in NOA -$ 757 $ 111 $ 113 $ 174 $ 238 $ 372 NOPAT = FCF + NOA $ 173 $ 176 $ 180 $ 185 $ 193 $ 204 AOI = NOPAT1 - (NOA0*CoC(f)) $ 157 $ 160 $ 165 $ 172 $ 183 Growth patterns 1.96% 3.03% 3.96% 5.87% Terminal value (growth rate 4%) 4575 Discounted terminal value 2715 Discounted abnormal operating income $ 142 $ 130 $ 121 $ 113 $ 109 Present value of AOI $ 3,330 NOA $ 5,559 Intrinsic value of the firm $ 8,889 NFO $ 886 Intrinsic value of equity $ 8,003 Price per share $ 10.27 2.4 Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Under discounted cash flow model, the future free cash flows are discounted to the present value. (Coyle 1999). Thus first of all the FCF of the Boral limited are calculated and there after these cash flows are discounted by taking an appropriate discounting factor. The disadvantage of this model is that not every companys shares can be valued by predicting the FCFs. Through this method, Borals share price is coming negative; this may be due to the reason that Boral has used most of its cash flows in restructuring business activities. Cost of Capital (firm) 11% Shares Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1. Forecast FCF $ 65 $ 66 $ 12 -$ 46 -$ 168 2. Estimation of cost of capital for the firm 1.11 1.23 1.37 1.52 1.69 3. Calculation of forecast FCF growth patterns 0.02 -0.82 -4.89 2.67 4. Calculate TV (negative growth) 0 5. Discount fcf to TV year $ 59 $ 54 $ 9 -$ 30 -$ 99 Discount TV 0 Intrinsic value of the firm -$ 8 less NFO $ 886 Equity -$ 894 shares outstanding 779 share price -$ 1.15 2.5 Comparison The market price of the share of Boral Limited as on 30th June 2014 is $ 5.25(Boral 2014). The share price as per various models is very different from the market price of the share, or in other words the actual share prices it with just an approximate average of various models. The price of the share can be listed as under- Model Estimated Share Price Actual Market Price Deviation from Actual market price Dividend Discount Model (DDM) $ 1.60 $ 5.25 $ -3.65 Discounted Abnormal Earnings (DAE) $ 10.67 $ 5.42 Discounted Abnormal Operating Income (DAOI) $ 10.27 $ 5.02 Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) $ -1.15 $ -6.40 As the dividend discount model provides most nearest value to the market price, sensitivity analysis will be applied to this model. 2.6 Sensitivity Analysis Dividend discount model PM % in PM Price Per Share % in Price Div as % of NOPAT % in Div Price Per Share % in Price 4.66% 20% $ 1.43 19.79% 39.58% 20% $ 1.43 19.79% 4.27% 10% $ 1.31 9.74% 36.28% 10% $ 1.31 9.74% 3.88% 0% $ 1.19 0.00% 33% 0% $ 1.19 0.00% 3.49% -10% $ 1.07 -10.37% 29.68% -10% $ 1.07 -10.37% 3.10% -20% $ 0.95 -20.42% 26.38% -20% $ 0.95 -20.42% Cost of Debt % in Cost of Debt Price Per Share % in Price Cost of equity % in Cost of Equity Price Per Share % in Price 6.00% 20% $ 1.19 -0.31% 12.00% 20% $ 1.10 -7.85% 5.50% 10% $ 1.19 -0.31% 11.00% 10% $ 1.15 -3.66% 5.00% 0% $ 1.19 0.00% 10.00% 0% $ 1.19 0.00% 4.50% -10% $ 1.19 -0.31% 9.00% -10% $ 1.24 3.88% 4.00% -20% $ 1.19 -0.31% 8.00% -20% $ 1.30 8.90% The sensitivity analysis states that the key drivers of share price under DDM model are profit margin and dividend payout ratio, followed by cost of equity and cost of debt. Under this valuation model, cost of debt has no effect on share price. 3. Application 3.1 Opportunities for improvement Boral limited is in a phase of restructuring. It has set up joint venture, merging its brick business with another entity; it has sold its land fill business to another entity. Boral has paid a huge amount of debts in the last year, due to strong cash generation. Thus it is in a position to launch it to a paced business growth. For this it has to control its administrative cost and various other costs. The reduction is cost is possible due to business restructuring. In fact the company has already save $130 million of overhead and contractor cost due to this restructuring(Boral 2014). The construction markets have picked up and this can result in increased sales. Thus reduction in cost and increased sales will lead to increased profit. Company is having a strong balance sheet and the management can benefit from the improving housing conditions in Australia, USA and other markets. Another option which is seen as an opportunity for the company is the expansion of business of the company to markets outside the country. Boral can achieve this goal by becoming a partner of local companies at Asian markets such as China or India. This will help the company in increasing stability and Boral can improve their sale and profit margin. Furthermore, if the company runs business internationally, few more markets will be opened and thus sale growth rate will be expect to increase and ultimately results in the increase for Borals value in the future. 3.2 Challenges The performance of the company is improving, yet all is not well for the company. Some of the business units of the Boral limited are still delivering low returns. Company needs to improve the position of these units. The management is in the process of restructuring which has worked for the company and more benefits will accrue in future. The USA business division has remained challenging for Boral Limited. The USA housing business has collapsed since the global financial crisis of year 2008. Boral has to focus on US business also in order to survive at global level. Company has also recruited new CFO, which has to take more efforts on cutting cost. There is a heightened possibility of Borals management using accounting policies to achieve the accounting strategies of a newly appointed CEO because Borals current CEO, Mike Kane, has only been in his position for two years (since October 2012). Empirical accounting research has found that firms with a newly appointed CEO are more likely to implement accounting strategies that involve exercising greater scrutiny over the value of assets, that change the strategic focus of the firm or that place the blame for poor acquisitions on previous management Besides that the company is facing certain issues over the injuries at work places. Boral is also facing certain issues from the labour unions. Boral is operating in an environment characterised by legal disputes with unions over access to construction sites (e.g. the dispute between Boral and the CFMEU over access to construction sites in Victoria). This has impacted on Borals current business and will likely impact on its future performance. The construction industry does not have a high margin. The Australian brick business has shown a declining trend. A recent report by PWC has both highlighted that the construction industry is a perennial underperformer from a productivity perspective and that technology can be a driver of future productivity. [Reference: PWC Report]. The report recommends that there be significant improvements in the technologies used to produce and distribute construction materials [Reference: PWC Report]. Therefore, if Boral can improve its technological processes, future profits will be positively impacted. The first target point of the Boral should be development of business process. As most of units of the company have been closed, may be due to the reason of poor business processes. The company should focus on the developing standard process of doing particular things. Company is expecting growth in revenue in coming years and it is able to control the cost and improve the process than it can earn good profit. The second target point of the company should be quality products. As the focus of the company on controlling cost, this aspect may hurt the quality of the products. Boral should pay special attention towards the quality of the products, which should not be suffered due to cost cutting and business restructuring. Bibliography AFR 2014, ACCC approves merger of Boral, CSR brick units, viewed 17 January 2015, https://www.afr.com/p/business/companies/accc_approves_merger_of_boral_csr_kXZ1uX9Qk3RF9Ip0440urM. Boral 2014, 'Annual Report 2014', Annural Report, Boral, Boral, Boral, Australia. Bragg, S 2012, Business Ratios and Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide, John Wiley $ Sons, NY. Brigham, EF Ehhardt, MC 2010, Financial Management Theory and Practice, Cengage Learning, NY. Coyle, B 1999, Cash Flow Control, Global Professional Publishi, UK. Palepu, KHPABV 2013, Business Analysis and Valuation using Financial Statements, 5th edn, Southwestern, Canada. Yahoo 2015, Industry: General Building Materials, viewed 19 January 2015, https://au.finance.yahoo.com/q/in?s=BLD.AX.